Engineering Structural Welding

Introduction
Background

This Fabricators and Erectors Guide to Welded Steel Construction has been produced by The Lincoln Electric Company in order to help promote bigh quality and cost effective welding. This guide is not to be used as a substitute for the AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code, or any other applicable welding code or specification, and the user bears the responsibility for following applicable codes and job requireinents. Rather, this document incorporates references to the D 1.1-9 6 code, and adds esplanation. clarification, and guidelines to facilitate compliance with the code. At the time of writing, this guide reflects the current industry viens with respect to steel fabrication, with specifie emphasis on the new provisions that have been recently iniposed for fabrication of structures designed to resist seismic loads. These provisions are largely drawn front the Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) Document No. 267, produced by the SAC Consortium, whose members include the Structural Engineers Association of Califomia, Applied Technology Council and California Universities for Research and Earthquake Engineering. Another cited document is me AWS Dl .Structural Welding Conimittee's Position Statement on the Northridge earthquake. Research is stiil underway, and additional provisions may be found mat with further increase the safetyof welded steel structures. The user of this document must be aware of changes that may occur to codes published after this guide, specifie job requirenients. and varions intorim recommendations that may affect me recommendations contained herein.

The Januaiy 1994 Northridge earthquake revealed a number of examples of lack of confbrmance to Dl.l code mandated provisions. Lack of confbrmance to code provisions, and the poor workmanship revealed in many situations, highlight the need for education. This document is one attempt to assist in that area.

The information contained herein is believed to be current and accurate. It is based upon the ciment technology, codes, specifications and principles of welding engineering. Any recommendations wilt be subject tochange pending the results of engineering research. As always, it is the responsibility of the Engineer of Record, and not The Lincoln Electric Company, to spedfy the requirements for aparticularproject. The prerogative to specify altemate requirements is alivav; within the authority of the Engineer of Record and. when more restrictive requirements are specified in contract documents. compliance with such requirements would supersede the preceding recommendations. Acceptance of criteria by the Engineer of Record mat are less rigorous than the preceding does not change.

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