catia v6 ESSENTIALS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Getting Started with CATIA V6 1
1.1 Key Enhancements in CATIA V6 2
1.2 Installing CATIA V6 3
1.3 Opening CATIA V6 12
1.4 Starting a Workbench in CATIA V6 16
1.5 Exploring the CATIA V6 User Interface 18
Summary 23
Chapter 2: Sketcher Workbench 25
2.1 Invoking the Sketcher Workbench 26
2.2 Drawing Shapes Using the Sketcher Workbench 29
2.3 Editing and Modifying Sketches 54
2.4 Working with Constraints on Sketches 69
Summary 80
Chapter 3: Part Design Workbench 81
3.1 Using Sketch-Based Features 82
3.2 Using Dress-Up Features 104
3.3 Using Transformation Features 126
3.4 Inserting Additional Bodies into Solid Models 148
Summary 152
Chapter 4: Assembly Design Workbench 153
4.1 Creating an Assembly 153
4.2 Working with Assembly Components 164
4.3 Using Assembly Features 173
Summary 180
Chapter 5: Wireframe and Surface Design Workbench 181
5.1 Creating Wireframe Elements 181
5.2 Creating Surfaces 196
Summary 244
Chapter 6: Generative Sheet Metal Design Workbench 245
6.1 Creating Sheet Metal Walls 245
6.2 Bending Sheet Metal Walls 264
6.3 Cutting Sheet Metal Walls 281
Summary 293
Index 295

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CATIA V5 Basic Training by airbus

CATIA Version 5 is an integrated suite of (CAD) Computer Aided Design, (CAM) Computer Aided Manufacturing, (CAE) Computer Aided Engineering applications for digital product definition and simulation.

• Interoperability between all CATIA V5 modules (Workbenches)
• Consistency of data
• Support of process chains
• Build up and working in Product structures
• Parametric design with links inside a Part as well as between the Parts inside an Assembly
• Individual degree of parameterisation
• Knowledge based technology
• Specification-driven modelling for part design, assembly design and integrateddrafting
• Associative feature based modelling
• Multi window desktop environment
• Platform independent (UNIX, NT)

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Aircraft Design Projects

Preface

There are many excellent texts covering aircraft design from a variety of perspectives. 1 Some of these are aimed at specific audiences ranging from practising aerospace engineers, to engineering students, to amateur airplane builders. Others cover specialized aspects of the subject such as undercarriage or propulsion system design. Some of these are quite detailed in their presentation of the design process while others are verygener al in scope. Some are overviews of all the basic aeronautical engineering subjects that come together in the creation of a design.

University faculty that teach aircraft design courses often face difficult choices when evaluating texts or references for their students  use. Many texts that are suitable for use in a design class are biased toward particular classes of aircraft such as military aircraft, general aviation, or airliners. A text that gives excellent coverage of design basics may prove slanted toward a class of aircraft different from that year's project. Alternatively, those that emphasize the correct type of vehicle may treat design fundamentals in an unfamiliar manner. The situation may be further complicated in classes that have

several teams of students working on different types of designs, some of which fit the chosen text while others do not.

Most teachers would prefer a text that emphasizes the basic thought processes of preliminary design. Such a text should encourage students to seek an understanding of the approaches and constraints appropriate to their design assignment before they venture too far into the analytical processes. On the other hand, students would like a text which simply tells them where to input their design objectives into a black-box computer code or generalized spreadsheet, and preferably, where to catch the final design drawings and specifications as they are printed out. Faculty would like their students to begin the design process with a thorough review of their previous courses in aircraft performance, aerodynamics, structures, flight dynamics, propulsion, etc.

Students prefer to start with an Internet search, hoping to find a solution to their problem that requires only minimal tweaking.

The aim of this book is to present a two pronged approach to the design process. It is expected to appeal to both faculty and students. It sets out the basics of the design thought process and the pathway one must travel in order to reach an aircraft design goal for any category of aircraft. Then it presents a variety of design case studies.

These are intended to offer examples of the way the design process may be applied to conceptual design problems typical of those actually used at the advanced level in academic and other training curricula. It does not offer a step-by-step how to design guide, but shows how the basic aircraft preliminary design process can be successfull applied to a wide range of unique aircraft. In so doing, it shows that each set of design objectives presents its own peculiar collection of challenges and constraints. It also shows how the classical design process can be applied to any problem.

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Intro to Space Sciences Spacecraft Applications

This book, based on the SINTEF Offshore Blowout Database, thoroughly examines U.S. Gulf of Mexico and Norwegian and UK North Sea blowouts that occurred from 1980 to 1994. This book reveals the operations that were in progress at the onset of the blowouts and helps you learn from the mistakes of others.

This book explains the fundamentals of design, applications, and operation of spaced-based systems. It focuses on the most common uses of spacecraft today: communications, remote sensing, and navigation. The reader will learn about the basic systems required by most spacecraft and the methodology used to design a spacecraft. The complexities of orbital mechanics are also fully explained.Amply illustrated with diagrams and photographs, each chapter contains excerises, historical information, and additional reference materials. Written primarily for undergraduate space engineering students, this is an excellent source for the space professional and a fascinating book for the general reader.

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Aircraft Structures (3rd Edition)

http://freebooks-me.blogspot.com/2016/05/aircraft-structures-3rd-edition.html

Preface

During my experience of teaching aircraft structures I have felt the need for a textbook written specifically for students of aeronautical engineering. Although there have been a number of excellent books written on the subject they are now either out of date or too specialist in content to fulfil the requirements of an undergraduate textbook. My aim, therefore, has been to fill this gap and provide a completely selfcontained course in aircraft structures which contains not only the fundamentals of elasticity and aircraft structural analysis but also the associated topics of airworthiness and aeroelasticity.

The book is intended for students studying for degrees, Higher National Diplomas and Higher National Certificates in aeronautical engineering and will be found of value to those students in related courses who specialize in structures. The subject matter has been chosen to provide the student with a textbook which will take him from the beginning of the second year of his course, when specialization usuall begins, up to and including his final examination. I have arranged the topics so that they may be studied to an appropriate level in, say, the second year and then resumed at a more advanced stage in the final year; for example, the instability of columns and beams may be studied as examples of structural instability at second year level while the instability of plates and stiffened panels could be studied in the final year. In addition, I have grouped some subjects under unifying headings to emphasize their interrelationship; thus, bending, shear and torsion of open and closed tubes are treated in a single chapter to underline the fact that they are just different loading cases of basic structural components rather than isolated topics. I realize however that the modern trend is to present methods of analysis in general terms and then consider specific applications. Nevertheless, I feel that in cases such as those described above it is beneficial for the student's understanding of the subject to see the close relationships and similarities amongst the different portions of theory.

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Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicles Structures

FOREWORD

1. This handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense

and the Federal Aviation Administration.

2. This handbook is for guidance only. This handbook cannot be cited as a requirement. If it is, the contractor does not have to comply.

3. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Chairman, MIL-HDBK-5 Coordination Activity (937-656-9134 voice, 937-255-4997 fax), AFRL/MLSC, 2179 Twelfth St., Room 122, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7718, by using the Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of Chapter 1 or by letter if using the hard copy.

4. This document contains design information on the strength properties of metallic materials and elements for aerospace vehicle structures. All information and data contained in this handbook have been coordinated with the Air Force, Army, Navy, Federal Aviation Administration, and industry prior to publication, and are being maintained as a joint effort of the Department of Defense and the Federal Aviation Administration.

5. The electronic copy of the Handbook is technically consistent with the paper-copy Handbook;

however, minor differences exist in format; e.g., table or figure position. Depending on monitor size and

resolution setting, more data may be viewed without on-screen magnification. The figures were converted to electronic format using one of several methods. For example, digitization or recomputation methods were used on most of the engineering figures like typical stress-strain and effect of temperature, etc.

Scanning was used to capture informational figures such as those found in Chapters 1 and 9, as well as most of the S/N curves and the majority of graphics in Chapters 4 through 7. These electronic figures were also used to generate the paper copy figures to maintain equivalency between the paper copy and electronic copy. In all cases, the electronic figures have been compared to the paper copy figures to ensure the electronic figure was technically equivalent. Appendix E provides a detailed listing of all the figures in the Handbook, along with a description of each figure's format.

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Missile Aerodynamics

PREFACE

In recent years the great many persons who have become actively connected with missile science and engineering have had to rely principally on technical journals and papers for aerodynamic information. The literature in missile aerodynamics is extensive and in many respects complete, but an over-all view of the field is reserved to those few specialists familiar with the hundreds of excellent technical papers available.

However, a large group of persons who would find such an over-all view useful in the performance of their duties cannot, for one reason or another, review the numerous technical papers. It is principally for this group that the present volume has been written. The book attempts to present a rational and unified account of the principal results of missile aerodynamics.

A missile is described by Webster as a weapon or object capable of being thrown, hurled, or projected so as to strike a distant object. One distinction between a missile and an airplane is that, unlike an airplane, a missile is usually expendable in the accomplishment of its mission. From a configurational point of view, the distinction is frequently made that a missile is more slender than an airplane and tends to possess smaller wings in proportion to its body. These distinctions are, however, subject

to many exceptions. In fact, the configurational distinctions between missiles and airplanes seem to narrow as the operational speeds increase. Therefore much of the missile aerodynamics contained here in will be directly applicable to airplanes.

Since this book draws on a large number of technical papers for much of its content, it is important that the policy with regard to credit for technical material be clear. The author would like to quote original

sources in ail cases. Such a course of action is, however, impractical because original sources are often impossible to ascertain, or not readily available. Thus the references to technical papers herein are those most convenient from the standpoints of availability or pedagogical usefulness, or simply those most familiar to the author.

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Performance of Light Aircraft

Pilots, aviation students, kitplane builders, aircraft fleet operators and aeronautical engineers can all determine how their propeller-driven airplanes will perform, under any conditions, by using the step-by-step bootstrap approach introduced in this book. A few routine flying manoeuvres (climbs, glides, a level speed run) will give the necessary nine numbers. High-school level calculations then give performance numbers with much greater detail and accuracy than many other methods - for the reader's individual aircraft. Many practical flying topics, concepts that will make readers safer and more efficient pilots, are found in this guide. Among them: as a pilot banks to begin turning around at high altitude in a canyon, their airplane starts descending toward the rocks below! What should their first response be? The steady manoeuvring charts found in this book offer a full and graphical picture of the several competing factors needed to understand. For precision flying, pilots need to know their airplane's drag characeristics. A few glides, and a few minutes with a calculator, will reveal the two numbers needed to uncover an airplane's drag polar. The cruise performance section of this book includes "scaling rules" that explain how to take a section of a cruise performance table (for one weight, one altitude) and extend it to cover other altitudes or other weights. Is it better to take off uphill into the wind or downhill with the wind? This book illustrates quickly how to figure out which way to direct an airplane for any strength wind.

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Aircraft Design Projects For Engineering Students

Written with students of aerospace or aeronautical engineering firmly in mind, this is a practical and wide-ranging book that draws together the various theoretical elements of aircraft design - structures, aerodynamics, propulsion, control and others - and guides the reader in applying them in practice. Based on a range of detailed real-life aircraft design projects, including military training, commercial and concept aircraft, the experienced UK and US based authors present engineering students with an essential toolkit and reference to support their own project work.All aircraft projects are unique and it is impossible to provide a template for the work involved in the design process. However, with the knowledge of the steps in the initial design process and of previous experience from similar projects, students will be freer to concentrate on the innovative and analytical aspects of their course project.The authors bring a unique combination of perspectives and experience to this text. It reflects both British and American academic practices in teaching aircraft design. Lloyd Jenkinson has taught aircraft design at both Loughborough and Southampton universities in the UK and Jim Marchman has taught both aircraft and spacecraft design at Virginia Tech in the US. Table of contents : Dedications......Page 2 Preface......Page 13 An overview of the book......Page 17 Engineering units of measurement......Page 19 Finally......Page 20 1 Design methodology......Page 21 2.1 Problem definition......Page 26 2.2 Information retrieval......Page 31 2.3 Aircraft requirements......Page 32 2.4 Configuration options......Page 34 2.5 Initial baseline sizing......Page 35 2.6 Baseline evaluation......Page 39 2.7 Refining the initial layout......Page 45 2.8 Refined baseline design......Page 51 2.9 Parametric and trade studies......Page 52 2.10 Final baseline configuration......Page 59 2.11 Type specification......Page 60 3 Introduction to the project studies......Page 63 4 Project study: scheduled long- range business jet......Page 66 4.1 Introduction......Page 67 4.2 Project brief......Page 69 4.3 Project analysis......Page 70 4.4 Information retrieval......Page 76 4.5 Design concepts......Page 77 4.6 Initial sizing and layout......Page 82 4.7 Initial estimates......Page 90 4.8 Trade-off studies......Page 102 4.10 Study review......Page 119 5 Project study: military training system......Page 121 5.2 Project brief......Page 122 5.3 Problem definition......Page 125 5.4 Information retrieval......Page 126 5.5 Design concepts......Page 130 5.6 Initial sizing......Page 132 5.7 Initial estimates......Page 135 5.8 Constraint analysis......Page 149 5.9 Revised baseline layout......Page 152 5.10 Further work......Page 154 5.11 Study review......Page 157 5.12 Postscript......Page 161 6 Project study: electric- powered racing aircraft......Page 163 6.2 Project brief......Page 164 6.3 Problem definition......Page 169 6.4 Information retrieval......Page 170 6.5 Design concepts......Page 177 6.6 Initial sizing......Page 178 6.7 Initial performance estimation......Page 186 6.8 Study review......Page 193 7 Project study: a dual-mode ( road/ air) vehicle......Page 195 7.2 Project brief (flying car or roadable aircraft?)......Page 196 7.3 Initial design considerations......Page 197 7.4 Design concepts and options......Page 199 7.5 Initial layout......Page 201 7.6 Initial estimates......Page 206 7.7 Wind tunnel testing......Page 219 7.8 Study review......Page 220 8 Project study: advanced deep interdiction aircraft......Page 222 8.2 Project brief......Page 223 8.3 Problem definition......Page 228 8.4 Design concepts and selection......Page 230 8.5 Initial sizing and layout......Page 233 8.6 Initial estimates......Page 235 8.7 Constraint analysis......Page 241 8.8 Revised baseline layout......Page 248 8.9 Performance estimations......Page 262 8.10 Cost estimations......Page 279 8.11 Trade-off studies......Page 281 8.12 Design review......Page 283 8.13 Study review......Page 288 9 Project study: high-altitude, long- endurance ( HALE) uninhabited aerial surveillance vehicle ( UASV)......Page 290 9.2 Project brief......Page 291 9.3 Problem definition......Page 292 9.5 Information retrieval......Page 295 9.6 Design concepts......Page 298 9.7 Initial sizing and layout......Page 303 9.8 Initial estimates......Page 314 9.10 Revised baseline layout......Page 325 9.11 Aircraft specification......Page 327 9.12 Study review......Page 328 10 Project study: a general aviation amphibian aircraft......Page 330 10.2 Project brief......Page 331 10.4 Design concepts......Page 332 10.5 Initial layout and sizing......Page 333 10.6 Initial estimates......Page 338 10.7 Baseline layout......Page 344 10.9 Further work......Page 345 10.10 Study review......Page 349 11 Design organisation and presentation......Page 351 11.2 Teamworking......Page 353 11.3 Managing design meetings......Page 358 11.4 Writing technical reports......Page 361 11.5 Making a technical presentation......Page 368 11.6 Design course structure and student assessment......Page 373 11.7 Naming your aircraft......Page 376 Appendix A Units and conversion factors......Page 379 Funny units......Page 380 Conversions (exact conversions can be found in British Standards BS350/ 2856)......Page 381 Some useful constants (standard values)......Page 382 Technical books (in alphabetical order)......Page 383 Research papers......Page 385 The Internet......Page 386

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Theory Design Air Cushion Craft

Preface

It is 39 years since sea trials of the first hovercraft. Hovercraft are a new means of transportation, and so machinery, equipment and structural materials have had to be adapted for successful use in their special operating environment, which differs from that in aviation and for other marine vessels.

A somewhat difficult technical and economic path has been negotiated by the developers of hovercraft technology to date. Currently about 2000 craft are in operation for commercial water transportation, recreation, utility purposes and military applications around the world. They have taken a key role for a number of military missions,

and provide utility transportation in a number of applications which are quite unique. Hovercraft in China have developed from prototype tests in the 1960s, to practical use as ferries and military craft. More than 60 hovercraft types have been constructed or imported for operation in China. This book has been written to summarize the experience in air cushion technology in China and abroad to date, with the aim of improving understanding of air cushion technology.

Due to the relatively quick development of the cushion technology relative to other water transportation, the theories and design methods applied to hovercraft design and operations are continuing to develop at present. For instance various quasi-static theories of the air jet cushion were derived in the 1960s, but once the flexible skirt was developed, the hydrodynamic and aerodynamic forces acting on hovercraft changed so significantly that these earlier theories and formulae could not continue to serve in practice.

The theory of air cushion performance has therefore changed significantly since the 1960s. On one hand a lot of technical references and some technical summaries and handbooks with respect to air cushion technology are available to translate the physical phenomena but on the other, owing to different research methods, objects and means, there are many different methods which suggest how to deal with such theories.

So far no finalized rules and regulations for hovercraft construction can be stated. In addition regulatory documents concerned with stability, seaworthiness and the calculation methods determining the static and dynamic deformation have not reached public literature.

The aim in writing this book has been to summarize the technical experience, both in China and abroad, to systematically describe the theory and design of hovercraft and endeavour to connect the theories with practice in order to solve practical problems in hovercraft design.

xii Preface

There are three parts to this book. The first chapter gives a general introduction to hovercraft, which introduces briefly the classification of hovercraft, and the development and civil and military applications of the hovercraft in China and abroad in the last three decades. The second part, from Chapters 2 to 9, systematically describes ACV and SES theory - primarily the hydrodynamics and aerodynamics of cushion systems. The third part, from Chapters 11 to 16, describes the design methods of ACV and SES, including the design criteria and standards for craft performance, lift system design, skirt design, hull structure design, and methods for determining the principal dimensions of craft.

The principles for material presented in this book are to describe the features of air cushion technology, and give sufficient design information to allow the reader to prepare a basic project design. Engineering subjects which are similar to those for conventional ships are not covered here, being available to the student in existing naval architecture or marine engineering texts. Thus, stability here covers only the calculation method for stability of ACV and SES on cushion, and not stability of hovercraft while floating off cushion.

With respect to the design of machinery and propulsion systems of ACV and SES, for instance, air or water propeller design, water-jet propulsion installation and machinery installtion in hovercraft, which is rather different from that on conventional ships, these are covered in summary in the last chapters.

The intent is to guide the reader on how to perform machinery and systems selection within ACV or SES overall design. Detail design of these systems requires support of specialists in turbo-machinery, piping design, etc. who will normally be included in the project team. The student is referred to specialists in these fields for interface engineering advice, or to the marine or aeronautical engineering department at his college or university.

The intended audience for this book are teachers and students, both at undergraduate and postgraduate level in universities, and engineers, technicians and operators who are involved in ACV/SES research, design, construction and operation or wish to work in this field.

During the writing of this book, the authors have had the help and support from senior engineers and researchers of MARIC and used research results and theories from many sources, such as the references listed at the end of this book, and they would like to express sincere thanks to those authors for their inspiration. Meanwhile the authors also would like heartily to thank Professor IS. Dong of the Chinese Naval Engineering Academy for his help and revision suggestions for this book.

Hovercraft and component manufacturers throughout the world have kindly supplied data and many of the photos. Our thanks for their continuing support and advice.

Alan Bliault and Liang Yun

August 1999

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Missile Guidance and Control Systems

Introduction

Rockets have been used as early as A.D. 1232, when the Chinese employed them as unguided missiles to repel the Mongol besiegers of the city of Pein-King (Peiping). Also, in the fifteenth century, Korea developed the sinkijon* (or Sin-Gi-Jeon) rocket. Manufactured from the early fifteenth to mid-sixteenth century, the sinkijon was actively deployed in the northern frontiers, playing a pivotal role in fending off invasions on numerous occasions. Once out of the rocket launcher, the fire-arrows were set to detonate automatically near the target area. Also, the high-powered firearm was utilized in the southern provinces to thwart the Japanese marauders. The main body of the sinkijon's rocket launcher was five to six meters long, the largest of its kind at that time**. A sinkijon was capable of firing as many as one hundred fire-arrows or explosive grenades. The fire-arrow contained a device equipped with gunpowder and shrapnel, timed to explode near the target. The introduction of gunpowder made possible the use of cannon and muskets that could fire projectiles great distances and with high velocities. It was desirable in so far as the study of cannon fire is desirable  to learn the paths of these projectiles, their range, the heights they could reach, and the effect of muzzle velocity. Several years later, the sinkijon went through another significant upgrade, which enabled it to hurl a fire-arrow made up of small warheads and programmed to detonate and shower multiple explosions around the enemy. In 1451, King Munjong ordered a drastic upgrade of the hwacha (a rocket launcher on a cartwheel). This improvement allowed as many as one hundred sinkijons to be mounted on the hwacha, boosting the overall firepower and mobility of the rocket.

Since those early times and in one form or another, rockets have been used as weapons and machines of war, for amusement through their colorful aerial bursts, as life-saving equipment, and for communications or signals. The lack of suitable guidance and control systems may have accounted for the rocket's slow improvement over the years. 

Airborne Vehicle Guidance and Control Systems is a broad and wide-angled engineering and technological area for research, and continues to be important not only in military defense systems but also in industrial process control and in commercial transportation networks such as various Global Positioning Systems (GPS). The book fills a long-standing gap in the literature. The author is retired from the Air Force Institute and received the Air Force's Outstanding Civilian Career Service Award.

Table of contents : Contents......Page 12
1 Introduction......Page 16
References......Page 28
2.1.1 Transformation Properties of Vectors......Page 30
2.1.2 Linear Vector Functions......Page 31
2.1.3 Tensors......Page 32
2.1.4 Coordinate Transformations......Page 33
2.2 Rigid-Body Equations of Motion......Page 37
2.3 D'Alembert's Principle......Page 60
2.4 Lagrange's Equations for Rotating Coordinate Systems......Page 61
References......Page 66
3.1 Aerodynamic Forces Relative to the Wind Axis System......Page 68
3.2 Aerodynamic Moment Representation......Page 77
3.2.1 Airframe Characteristics and Criteria......Page 92
3.3.1 System Design......Page 100
3.3.2 The Missile Mathematical Model......Page 106
3.4 The Missile Guidance System Model......Page 114
3.4.1 The Missile Seeker Subsystem......Page 117
3.4.2 Missile Noise Inputs......Page 128
3.4.3 Radar Target Tracking Signal......Page 134
3.4.4 Infrared Tracking Systems......Page 140
3.5 Autopilots......Page 144
3.5.1 Control Surfaces and Actuators......Page 159
3.6 English Bias......Page 166
References......Page 168
4.1 Introduction......Page 170
4.2.1 Homing Guidance......Page 173
4.2.2 Command and Other Types of Guidance......Page 177
4.3 Missile Equations of Motion......Page 189
4.4 Derivation of the Fundamental Guidance Equations......Page 196
4.5 Proportional Navigation......Page 209
4.6 Augmented Proportional Navigation......Page 240
4.7 Three-Dimensional Proportional Navigation......Page 243
4.8.1 Introduction......Page 250
4.8.2 Optimal Filtering......Page 252
4.8.3 Optimal Control of Linear Feedback Systems with Quadratic Performance Criteria......Page 257
4.8.4 Optimal Control for Intercept Guidance......Page 263
4.9 End Game......Page 271
References......Page 281
5.1 Introduction......Page 284
5.2 Definitions and Acronyms Used in Weapon Delivery......Page 285
5.2.1 Definitions......Page 286
5.2.2 Acronyms......Page 294
5.3 Weapon Delivery Requirements......Page 299
5.3.1 Tactics and Maneuvers......Page 301
5.3.2 Aircraft Sensors......Page 304
5.4 The Navigation/Weapon Delivery System......Page 305
5.4.1 The Fire Control Computer......Page 307
5.5 Factors Influencing Weapon Delivery Accuracy......Page 308
5.5.1 Error Sensitivities......Page 309
5.5.2 Aircraft Delivery Modes......Page 312
5.6 Unguided Weapons......Page 314
5.6.1 Types of Weapon Delivery......Page 315
5.6.2 Unguided Free-Fall Weapon Delivery......Page 317
5.6.3 Release Point Computation for Unguided Bombs......Page 319
5.7 The Bombing Problem......Page 320
5.7.1 Conversion of Ground Plane Miss Distance into Aiming Plane Miss Distance......Page 323
5.7.2 Multiple Impacts......Page 327
5.8 Equations of Motion......Page 329
5.9 Covariance Analysis......Page 335
5.10 Three-Degree-of-Freedom Trajectory Equations and Error Analysis......Page 338
5.10.1 Error Analysis......Page 341
5.11 Guided Weapons......Page 343
5.12 Integrated Flight Control in Weapon Delivery......Page 347
5.12.1 Situational Awareness/Situation Assessment (SA/SA)......Page 349
5.12.2 Weapon Delivery Targeting Systems......Page 351
5.13 Air-to-Ground Attack Component......Page 354
5.14 Bomb Steering......Page 359
5.15 Earth Curvature......Page 366
5.16 Missile Launch Envelope......Page 368
5.17 Mathematical Considerations Pertaining to the Accuracy of Weapon Delivery Computations......Page 375
References......Page 379
6.1 Introduction......Page 380
6.2 The Two-Body Problem......Page 381
6.3 Lambert's Theorem......Page 397
6.4.1 Application of the Newtonian Inverse-Square Field Solution to Ballistic Missile Flight......Page 404
6.4.2 The Spherical Hit Equation......Page 407
6.4.3 Ballistic Error Coefficients......Page 433
6.4.4 Effect of the Rotation of the Earth......Page 455
6.5.1 Correlated Velocity......Page 458
6.5.2 Velocity-to-Be-Gained......Page 464
6.5.3 The Missile Control System......Page 472
6.5.4 Control During the Atmospheric Phase......Page 477
6.5.5 Guidance Techniques......Page 481
6.6 Derivation of the Force Equation for Ballistic Missiles......Page 487
6.6.1 Equations of Motion......Page 492
6.6.2 Missile Dynamics......Page 495
6.7 Atmospheric Reentry......Page 497
6.8 Missile Flight Model......Page 505
6.9.1 Introduction......Page 519
6.9.2 Missile Tracking Equations of Motion......Page 530
References......Page 534
7.1 Introduction......Page 536
7.2 System Description......Page 542
7.2.1 System Functional Operation and Requirements......Page 547
7.2.2 Missile Navigation System Description......Page 549
7.3 Cruise Missile Navigation System Error Analysis......Page 558
7.3.1 Navigation Coordinate System......Page 563
7.4.1 Introduction......Page 566
7.4.2 Definitions......Page 570
7.4.3 The Terrain-Contour Matching (TERCOM) Concept......Page 572
7.4.4 Data Correlation Techniques......Page 578
7.4.5 Terrain Roughness Characteristics......Page 583
7.4.6 TERCOM System Error Sources......Page 585
7.4.7 TERCOM Position Updating......Page 586
7.5 The NAVSTAR/GPS Navigation System......Page 591
7.5.1 GPS/INS Integration......Page 598
References......Page 602
A: Fundamental Constants......Page 604
C......Page 606
N......Page 607
T......Page 608
Z......Page 609
C: List of Acronyms......Page 610
D: The Standard Atmospheric Model......Page 620
References......Page 624
E: Missile Classification......Page 626
F.1 Historical Background......Page 640
F.2 Unpowered Precision-Guided Munitions (PGM)......Page 659
References......Page 672
G.1 Preliminaries......Page 666
G.2 General Conic Trajectories......Page 668
H: Radar Frequency Bands......Page 674
I: Selected Conversion Factors......Page 676
C......Page 678
K......Page 679
R......Page 680
Z......Page 681

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