WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
BY SHARAD K JAIN AND VIJAY K SINGH
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ABOUT THE BOOK
WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
AUTHORS : S.K.JAIN AND V.P.SINGH
PUBLISHERS : ELSEVIER PUBLISHERS
In nature, the water of right quality in right quantity is usually not available at the right
place at the right time. Sometimes, it is available at the wrong place and at the wrong
time and its quality and quantity are not what they should be. Although in nutshell, this
is the gist of the problem, this seemingly innocuous, albeit naughty interplay of words
fails to convey the gravity and the magnitude of the problems that are caused by the
mismatch between the availability and the demand of good quality water. Nature can
indeed be very harsh and ruthless at times. However, a positive outcome of this
mismatch is the development of a wide range of tools and techniques for water
resources systems planning, development, operation, and management.
The subject matter of the book is divided into four parts. The first part, termed
Preliminaries, contains four chapters. Introducing the basic theme of the book, the first
chapter provides an overview of the current status of water resources utilization, and the
likely scenario of demands in the near future. The basic concepts, practical applications,
and advantages and disadvantages of systems analysis techniques are presented. Also
provided is a discussion of seven challenges for the water sector identified and debated
in recent international forums. Temporal and spatial hydrologic analyses require
extensive data. An understanding of how this data is measured and how the processing
of this data is done is important before undertaking any water resources systems
analysis. Chapter 2 presents techniques of observing and processing the data used in
water resources systems. The discussion is extended to emerging techniques in Chapter
3. These techniques are Remote Sensing, GIS, Artificial Neural Networks, and Expert
Systems. These techniques are versatile, highly useful, and are playing increasingly
important role in water resources planning and management. Chapter 4 discusses
statistical tools for deriving the desired information from these data, including
commonly used probability distributions, methods of parameter estimation, regression
and correlation analysis, frequency analysis, time-series analysis, and transition
matrices and Markov chains.
Part 2 of the book deals with Decision Making which is a bouquet of
techniques organized in 4 chapters. Optimization and simulation techniques are
discussed in Chapter 5. Most of the analysis dealing with planning and management of
water resources systems is carried out using these techniques. Besides technical aspects,
economic analysis is essential to rank the various competing projects and the
subsequent approval by the decision-maker. Chapter 6 dwells upon the techniques of
economic analysis. During recent years, environmental and social aspects, and
rehabilitation and resettlement of project-affected people have come to occupy a central
stage in planning as well as management of water resources projects. It is now
recognized that these projects may have a lasting impact on the social fabric of the area
concerned. It is, therefore, necessary that while planning as well as operating a water
resources system, adequate care and precautions are exercised so that adverse impacts
on the society and the environment are minimized. These issues form the subject matter
of Chapter 7. Using basic analytical tools and the knowledge of environmental and
social aspects, the practitioner is required to take a rational and balanced decision
regarding design and management of water resources systems. Since major inputs to a
water resources system, such as rainfall, meteorological variables, etc. are not
deterministic, these systems inherently have an element of risk. The concept of rational
decision making and the associated elements, such as the concept of risk, reliability, and
uncertainty in water resources systems, are discussed in Chapter 8.
Part 3 of the book, comprising 2 chapters, deals with Water Resources
Planning and Development. Chapter 9 discusses basic concepts of planning,
classification and steps of the planning process, integrated planning, institutional setup,
public involvement, and planning models. Chapter 10 discusses planning and sizing of
reservoirs, and approaches to compute the storage capacity for conservation as well as
flood control.
The fourth and last part of the book, encompassing 4 chapters, focuses on
Systems Operation and Management. After a reservoir has been constructed, it is
essential that it is managed in the best possible way so that benefits can be maximized.
The techniques of reservoir operation are discussed in Chapter 11. It includes a detailed
discussion on conventional and systems techniques for regulating a system consisting of
reservoirs in series and parallel and the application of various systems analysis
techniques, such as optimization and simulation. It also discusses real-time operation of
reservoirs and the logistics required. Many dams around the world are experiencing a
significant loss of their storage capacity every year due to sedimentation. This topic is
discussed in Chapter 12, providing details of soil erosion and mathematical modeling of
sediment transport, empirical techniques as well as latest satellite data-based techniques
to assess reservoir sedimentation, methods to prevent the sediment from entering a
reservoir, and recovery of reservoir storage by flushing and dredging.
No analysis of water resources systems is complete without consideration of
water quality. Chapter 13 presents fundamentals of measurement of water quality
variables and modeling of water quality in rivers. A river basin is the natural unit in
which water occurs and currently a lot of emphasis is being placed on holistic
management of river basins. Chapter 14, the final chapter, discusses various issues
related to management of a river basin. The discussion includes integrated water quality
and quantity management, water pricing, water rights, inter-basin water transfer,
decision support systems, privatization, and management of intemational river basins.
CONTENTS
- Introduction to Water Resources Systems
- Acquisition and Processing of Water Resources Data
- Emerging Techniques for Data Acquisition and Systems Modeling
- Statistical Techniques for Data Analysis
- Systems Analysis Techniques
- Economic Considerations
- Environmental and Social Considerations
- Rational Decision Making
- Water Resources Planning
- Reservoir Sizing
- Reservoir Operation
- Reservoir Sedimentation
- Water Quality Modeling
- River Basin Planning and Management
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