Title: The Technology Management Handbook- Richard C. Dorf
Author(s): Richard C. Dorf
Series: Electrical Engineering Handbook
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 1998
Edition: 1
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ISBN: 9780849385773, 0849385776
Technology Management Handbook CRCnetBASE 1999 is the must have resource for any technical manager working into the next millennium! Written from the technical managers' perspective and written for technologists who are managers, this continually updated CD outlines information on management science and practice applying to all aspects of the production and operation of technical components and systems. Containing articles by more than 150 technical management experts, this updated guide supplies information on management science and practice as it applies to all aspects of the production and operation of technical components and systems. Unequaled in clarity and applicability, Technology Management Handbook CRCnet BASE 1999 is a comprehensive source of global information. It will answer management questions raised by engineers in all disciplines including electrical, mechanical, civil, environmental, and aerospace engineering.
Table of contents :
fm1.pdf......Page 1
Contents......Page 7
Organization......Page 3
Locating Your Topic......Page 4
Editor-in-Chief......Page 5
Editorial Board......Page 6
Contributors......Page 15
SI.PDF......Page 22
Contents......Page 0
The Technology Manager and the Modern Context......Page 23
ch01.pdf......Page 24
1.1 Characteristics of the Entrepreneur: Social Cr.........Page 25
Traditional Views on the Characteristics of Entrep.........Page 26
Entrepreneurship as a Social Activity......Page 27
Key Characteristics of Entrepreneurs as Social Cre.........Page 28
Conclusion......Page 29
A Description of the Barriers......Page 30
A Note on Barriers to Exit......Page 32
An Example Scenario......Page 33
Conclusion......Page 34
Identifying Potential Investors......Page 35
Build In “Go/No-Go” Decision Points......Page 36
Deal Structures......Page 37
Time to Raise Capital......Page 38
Conclusion......Page 39
1.4 Venture Capital......Page 40
Fundraising......Page 41
Investing......Page 42
Exiting......Page 43
1.5 Valuation of Technology and New Ventures......Page 45
Dimensions of Value......Page 46
International Considerations for Valuing Technolog.........Page 47
Value Codification......Page 48
Conclusion......Page 49
1.6 Internal Ventures......Page 50
Venture Forms......Page 51
Venturing Variables......Page 52
Corporate vs. Independent Venturing......Page 53
Corporate Perspective......Page 54
Placing Strategic Alliances in Context......Page 56
Knowledge Exchange, Cooperation, and Competition i.........Page 57
Justifying Strategic Alliances......Page 58
The Structure of Strategic Alliances......Page 60
Summary......Page 62
Typology......Page 65
Strategies......Page 66
Resources......Page 67
Organization......Page 68
Spin-Offs as Technology Transfer......Page 69
The Parent Organization......Page 70
The Technology Commercialization Environment......Page 71
A Spin-Off from a University Research Center......Page 72
ch02.pdf......Page 75
Science and Technology Policy......Page 76
2.1 Government Policy......Page 77
The Post–World War II Period......Page 78
Recent Science and Technology Policy Issues......Page 80
How Is Government Policy on Science and Technology.........Page 81
2.2 U.S. Tax Policy toward the Adoption and Creati.........Page 82
Expensing of Current Costs of R&D......Page 83
R&D Tax Credit......Page 84
Defining Eligible R&D Spending......Page 85
Policy Issues......Page 86
Innovation Models, Technology Politics, and Techno.........Page 87
The Federal Government’s Roles in Industrial Innov.........Page 88
Issues in Innovation Policy......Page 90
2.4 Research and Development Laboratories......Page 91
Classification of R&D Laboratories......Page 92
Performance Assessment......Page 93
Resource Competition......Page 94
Strategic Differences among the Baby Bells......Page 96
NYNEX......Page 97
Bell Atlantic......Page 98
Value Chain Analysis......Page 99
2.6 Commercialization of Public Sector Technology:.........Page 101
Congressional Mandate......Page 102
Issues......Page 103
Conclusion......Page 105
Income from Patents......Page 106
Example......Page 107
Example......Page 108
Example......Page 109
Example......Page 110
Example......Page 111
The American Regulatory Dynamic......Page 112
Best Available Evidence: Environmental Health and .........Page 113
Divergent Patterns of Impact: Energy, Finance, Com.........Page 114
From Particular to General Lessons......Page 115
Current Policy Trends......Page 116
ch03.pdf......Page 118
Innovation and Change......Page 119
3.1 The Evolution of Innovation......Page 120
The Dominant Design Theory......Page 121
The Technology S-Curve Theory......Page 122
The Technology and Market Trajectories Theory......Page 124
Theories about the Modularization of Design......Page 126
Fundamentals of Discontinuous Innovation......Page 130
Effects on Industry Structure......Page 131
Evaluating Progress......Page 132
Core Competence and Discontinuous Innovation......Page 133
Concluding Comments......Page 134
3.3 Business Process Reengineering......Page 135
Key Components of Reengineering......Page 136
The State of Reengineering......Page 137
Summary......Page 138
3.4 Diffusion of Innovations......Page 139
S-Shaped Curve of Adoption......Page 140
Adopter Categories......Page 141
The Innovation Decision......Page 142
Social System......Page 143
Limitations of the Diffusion Model......Page 144
Summary......Page 145
3.5 Knowledge Management......Page 146
Knowledge Management......Page 147
Knowledge Management Strategies......Page 148
Conclusions......Page 149
3.6 Research and Development......Page 150
Creating Intellectual Capital......Page 151
Types of Work Undertaken by R&D......Page 152
Stage-Gate Management of New Product Development......Page 153
Management Structure and Location of R&D......Page 154
The Problem of Basic Research......Page 155
R&D Productivity: What’s the Problem?......Page 156
Key Problems and Issues of Measuring R&D Performan.........Page 157
Level of Uncertainty......Page 158
Measuring R&D Performance in Organizations......Page 159
Measuring Behaviors vs. Measuring Results......Page 160
Structure your Organization and its R&D Unit Diffe.........Page 161
Lessons Learned in Measuring R&D Unit Performance......Page 162
3.8 Technology Life Cycles......Page 163
Maturity......Page 164
Summary of Technology Life Cycles......Page 165
Technology Life Cycle Interactions......Page 166
3.9 Dominant Design......Page 168
Why and How Dominant Designs Emerge......Page 169
The Economic and Social Impact of Dominant Designs.........Page 170
Continuing Controversies......Page 171
3.10 Technology Integration: Matching Technology a.........Page 172
The Foundations of Technology Integration......Page 173
Knowledge Generation......Page 174
Integration and Performance......Page 175
Technology Integration and Product Development Pro.........Page 177
3.11 New Ventures for Technological Innovation......Page 179
Strategy and Business Plan for a New Venture......Page 180
Commercial Potential of New High-Tech Ventures......Page 181
Dynamics of New High-Tech Ventures......Page 182
Defining Convergence......Page 185
Convergence and Systems......Page 186
Convergence and Government Regulation......Page 187
Strategy and Industry Evolution......Page 188
Locating R&D Activities......Page 191
Technological Trajectories......Page 194
Corporate Strategic Style......Page 195
#1 The Law of Connection: Embrace Dumb Power......Page 197
#2 The Law of Plentitude: More Gives More......Page 199
#3 The Law of Exponential Value: Success is Nonlinear......Page 200
#4 The Law of Tipping Points: Significance Precedes Momentum......Page 201
#5 The Law of Increasing Returns: Make Virtuous Circles......Page 202
#6 The Law of Inverse Pricing: Anticipate the Cheap......Page 203
#7 The Law of Generosity: Follow the Free......Page 205
#8 The Law of the Allegieance: Feed the Web First......Page 206
#9 The Law of Devolution: Let Go at the Top......Page 207
#10 The Law of Displacement: The Net Wins......Page 208
#11 The Law of Churn: Seek Sustainable Disequilibrium......Page 209
#12 The Law of Inefficiencies: Don’t Solve Problems......Page 211
SII.PDF......Page 214
Knowledge for the Technology Manager......Page 215
ch04.pdf......Page 216
Economics......Page 217
Gains from Exchange......Page 218
Markets Facilitate the Division of Labor and Knowl.........Page 220
Markets and Motives......Page 221
2.1 Basic Principles of Demand......Page 223
2.2 Pricing in More Complex Markets......Page 224
4.3 Profit......Page 226
4.4 Marginal Analysis in Economics......Page 228
4.5 Opportunity Cost......Page 233
Opportunity Cost......Page 234
Example 1: Real Estate......Page 235
4.6 Government......Page 236
Fixed and Random Models of Government......Page 237
Public Good Provision......Page 238
The Buchanan Test......Page 239
4.7 Business Cycles......Page 240
An Economic Model......Page 241
Policy Implications......Page 244
Summary......Page 245
Influence of Inflation on an Economic System......Page 246
Incorporating the Influence of Inflation in Econom.........Page 247
4.9 Cost-Benefit Analysis......Page 251
Applying Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Simple Example......Page 252
Valuing Benefits and Costs......Page 253
The Discount Rate......Page 254
Concluding Remarks......Page 255
The Meanings of Interest Rates......Page 256
Understanding Interest Rate Movements......Page 258
4.11 Productivity......Page 260
4.12 Trade: Import/Export......Page 265
The Taxonomies of Barter and Countertrade......Page 267
Defining Terms......Page 268
Value Proposition, Competitive Advantage, and Risk.........Page 269
Analyzing the Value Chain Using Coordination Theor.........Page 270
Managing Flow Dependencies......Page 271
Managing Sharing Dependencies......Page 272
Improving Quality and Cycle Time in the Value Chai.........Page 273
Conclusion and Implications......Page 274
4.14 Supply Chain Management......Page 275
Fundamentals of Supply Chain Management......Page 276
Applications and Examples......Page 277
Future Developments......Page 278
Monopoly and Allocative Efficiency......Page 279
Antitrust Regulation......Page 280
Conclusions......Page 281
Banks and other Financial Institutions within the .........Page 282
Central Banking and Monetary Policy......Page 285
An Overview of the Money and Banking System......Page 287
4.17 Economics of Information Age Industries......Page 288
Network Effects......Page 289
Lock-In......Page 290
Current Policy Issues......Page 291
ch05.pdf......Page 293
Types of Data......Page 294
Describing Continuous Random Variables with a Gaus.........Page 295
A Discrete Distribution for Discrete Variables wit.........Page 297
Nonprobability-Based Descriptions of Data......Page 298
Data Collection over Time and Space......Page 299
Acknowledgment......Page 300
Choosing Data for a Sample......Page 301
Testing Hypotheses......Page 302
Sample Sizes......Page 303
Design of Experiments......Page 304
Statistical Quality Control......Page 305
Acknowledgments......Page 306
Rational Subgrouping......Page 307
Applications of Control Charting......Page 309
Bottle Filling Example —–X and R......Page 310
Summary......Page 313
The Linear Regression Model......Page 314
Cost Estimation Example......Page 316
Forecasting Principles......Page 319
Forecasting Techniques......Page 320
Using TF......Page 323
General Principles of Data Analysis: The Four Rs......Page 324
Illustration: Research and Development in High-Tec.........Page 325
Summary......Page 327
5.7 Design of Experiments......Page 328
ch06.pdf......Page 336
Accounting......Page 337
A Technology Manager Should Understand the Role of.........Page 338
Who Creates the Demand for Financial Statements?......Page 339
Management Contracting also Determines What Goes i.........Page 340
Company Financial Statements Are the Responsibilit.........Page 341
Five Factors that Influence a Manager’s Supply of .........Page 342
Electronic Filing Achieves an Important SEC Object.........Page 343
Accounting Choices Cannot be Viewed Apart from the.........Page 344
Good Financial Statement Choices and Increased Sha.........Page 345
Internet Sites......Page 347
6.4 Cost Allocation......Page 348
Allocations in Income Determination......Page 349
Service Department Allocations......Page 350
Cost Justification and Reimbursement......Page 351
Fundamentals......Page 352
Complexity as a Resource-Consuming Activity......Page 353
Applications and Illustrations......Page 354
Activity-Based Costing of Services......Page 355
Summary......Page 356
6.6 Auditing......Page 357
The Audit Report......Page 358
Internal Evidence......Page 359
Detecting Financial Statement Fraud......Page 360
6.7 Depreciation and Corporate Taxes......Page 361
Decision Criteria for Project Selection......Page 362
Inflation Consideration......Page 363
After-Tax Cash Flows......Page 364
Effects of Various Factors......Page 365
Objects of Performance Evaluation......Page 368
Impact on Behavior......Page 370
Types of Incentive Schemes for Top Management......Page 371
Designing of Incentive Systems......Page 372
ch07.pdf......Page 374
Organizations......Page 375
7.1 The Motivation of Technical Professionals......Page 376
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory......Page 377
Motivation through the Design of Work......Page 378
Tenets of Motivation......Page 381
A Brief History of Job Design Models......Page 382
A Comparison of the Four Models......Page 384
Infrastructure Needed to Support Job Design......Page 385
The Nature of Design......Page 387
The Human Factor......Page 388
Eras in the Evolution of Organization Design......Page 389
New Organizational Arrangements......Page 390
Phases in the Organization Design Process......Page 391
7.4 Hierarchy and Integration in Organizations and.........Page 392
Integration within Organizations......Page 393
Hierarchy in Products: Theory, Definitions, and Im.........Page 394
Product Decomposition and Partitioning......Page 395
Analysis of Hierarchically Decomposed/Partitioned .........Page 396
Integration across Organizations and their Product.........Page 397
Strategic Component Decisions: “Plug ’n’ Play” Org.........Page 398
The “Anchor Points”......Page 400
Special Requirements of Matrix Organizations......Page 403
Conclusion: Selecting an Organization Design......Page 404
7.6 The Matrix Organization Revisited......Page 405
Hybrid and Matrix-Type Structures of Organizations.........Page 406
Organizational Structures and Research and Develop.........Page 407
Cultural Similarities and Differences......Page 408
Adoption and Abandonment of Matrix Management......Page 409
Implications for Technologists and other Decision .........Page 410
Conclusion......Page 411
Elementary Structures......Page 414
The Deep Structure of Organizations......Page 416
Networks and Hierarchies: The Yin and Yang of Orga.........Page 417
7.8 Power in Organizations......Page 419
The Functions of Power-Oriented Behavior......Page 420
How to Develop Power in Organizations......Page 421
How to Manage Power Dynamics......Page 423
Reciprocation......Page 424
Social Proof......Page 425
Authority......Page 426
Legitimacy......Page 427
Conclusion......Page 428
Effective Planning......Page 429
Exchanging Information......Page 430
Closing with Value......Page 432
7.11 Rewards for Professionals: A Social Identity .........Page 433
Traditional Tiered Pay......Page 434
Work Opportunities and Social Identity......Page 435
Value-Affirming Opportunities......Page 436
Conclusion......Page 437
Fundamentals of Teams and Team Building......Page 438
Application of Teams and Team Building......Page 439
Process......Page 440
Tools......Page 441
2x4 Planning......Page 442
Conclusions: Success and Failure......Page 443
Key Themes in the Research on Organizational Learn.........Page 444
At What Level Is Learning Occurring......Page 445
Developing an Organizational Learning Capacity Inv.........Page 446
Unlearning as a Precursor to Learning......Page 447
Future Directions in Organizational Learning......Page 448
Acknowledgments......Page 449
7.14 Organizational Culture......Page 450
Culture as a Social Control System......Page 451
The Psychology of Social Control......Page 452
Managing Culture......Page 453
Conclusion......Page 454
Telecommuting on the Rise......Page 455
Telecommuting Technologies......Page 456
ISDN for Telecommuting......Page 457
Security for Remote Work......Page 458
Legal Implications......Page 459
7.16 The Nature of Technological Paradigms: A Conc.........Page 461
Technological Paradigms and Trajectories......Page 462
Technological Paradigms and Firms......Page 464
Conclusion and Implications......Page 465
Leadership vs. Management......Page 467
The Leadership Skill of Vision......Page 468
The Leadership Skill of Mobilization......Page 469
Leaders as Champions of Innovation......Page 470
7.18 The Golden Rules of Power and Influence......Page 471
Rules for Building Influence......Page 472
Build Knowledge Networks......Page 473
Build Interpersonal Skills......Page 474
7.19 Social Capital and Technological Innovation......Page 475
Constituent Elements of Social Capital......Page 476
Social Capital and Organizational Transformation......Page 477
Conclusions......Page 478
7.20 Human Capital......Page 480
Stage One: Clarification......Page 481
Stage Two: Assessment......Page 482
Stage Four: Implementation......Page 483
Stage Five: Monitoring......Page 484
A Closer Look......Page 485
Summary......Page 486
SIII.PDF......Page 489
Tools for the Technology Manager......Page 490
ch08.pdf......Page 491
Finance......Page 492
Cash and Cash Equivalents......Page 493
Cash Flow in Financial Analysis......Page 494
Other Cash Flow Management Concepts......Page 495
Summary......Page 496
Relevant Cash Flows......Page 498
Specialized Valuation Methods......Page 500
Summary......Page 501
Projects......Page 502
Project Selection......Page 503
Ranking Proposals on IRR......Page 504
Decentralizing Capital Budgeting Decision Making......Page 505
8.4 Risk Management and Assessment......Page 506
Risk Assessment......Page 507
Risk Management......Page 508
Some Concluding Comments......Page 510
8.5 Equity Finance......Page 511
Conceptual Issues Associated with Equity......Page 512
Decisions on Equity Financing......Page 514
Example: Cirrus Logic in 1996......Page 515
Conclusion......Page 516
8.6 Debt Finance......Page 518
Business Debt......Page 519
Corporate Long-Term Debt......Page 520
Consumer Debt......Page 521
Timing of Debt Issuance......Page 523
Fixed and Variable Costs......Page 525
Scale Affects......Page 526
Project Duration Costs......Page 527
8.8 Mergers and Acquisitions......Page 528
Financial Analysis......Page 529
Screening and Analysis of Target Companies......Page 530
Forms of an Acquisition......Page 531
Accounting for Acquisitions......Page 532
Summary......Page 533
8.9 Pension Funds......Page 534
Pension Funds......Page 535
Conclusion......Page 536
8.10 Real Estate : Rights, Development and Value......Page 537
Public Limitations to Title......Page 538
The Land Development Process......Page 539
Real Estate Valuation Terminology......Page 540
Appraisal Methods......Page 541
Reference Materials......Page 542
Overview......Page 544
Tax vs. Nontax Lease......Page 545
Financial Reporting Reasons......Page 546
Service, Flexibility, and other Motivations......Page 547
Conclusion......Page 548
Sensitivity Analysis Applications......Page 550
Sensitivity Graph for Gas Heating Systems......Page 551
Spider Diagram for a Commercial Building Investmen.........Page 552
Advantages and Disadvantages......Page 553
8.13 Life-Cycle Costing......Page 554
The Life-Cycle Costing Situation......Page 555
Conceptual System Design......Page 556
The Cost Breakdown Structure......Page 557
Cost Analysis Goals......Page 558
Cost Treatment over the Life Cycle......Page 559
Summary......Page 560
8.14 Financial Ratios......Page 562
Common-Sized Financial Statements......Page 563
Fundamental Market Ratios......Page 565
Recent Trends in Security Analysis......Page 567
Net Present Value......Page 568
Overall Rate of Return (ORR)......Page 569
Project Investment Base......Page 570
Project Life Differences......Page 571
Conclusion......Page 573
Analysis Period......Page 574
Discount Rate......Page 576
Application......Page 577
Uncertainty......Page 578
Externalities......Page 579
Steps in Carrying Out Project Selection......Page 580
Applications......Page 582
Conclusion......Page 584
ch09.pdf......Page 585
Making Values Explicit......Page 586
Structuring Objectives......Page 587
Creating Alternatives......Page 588
Decision Opportunities......Page 590
9.2 System Models for Decision Making......Page 591
Influence Diagrams......Page 592
Decision Trees......Page 593
Principles of Modeling and Analysis......Page 594
9.3 Uncertainty......Page 596
The Interpretation of Probability......Page 597
The Assessment of Probability......Page 598
9.4 Decision Analysis......Page 600
The Value of Information......Page 602
Concluding Remarks......Page 605
ch10.pdf......Page 606
Governing Laws......Page 607
Consideration......Page 608
Mistake and Misunderstanding......Page 609
Special Types of Contracts......Page 610
Intellectual Property......Page 611
Patents......Page 612
Copyrights......Page 613
Licenses......Page 614
Fundamentals of Intellectual Property Rights......Page 616
IP Considerations during Concept Development......Page 617
IP Considerations during Marketing and Distributio.........Page 618
Conclusion......Page 619
ch11.pdf......Page 621
11.1 Database......Page 622
What Management Needs to Know about New Developmen.........Page 623
Integration of Database Management in Organization.........Page 624
Summary......Page 625
11.2 Decision Support Systems......Page 626
The Nature of Decision Support Systems......Page 627
Technique-Oriented Classification......Page 628
Organizational Classification......Page 629
Emerging Developments in Decision Support......Page 631
11.3 Network Management......Page 632
The Importance of Network Management......Page 633
LANs and WANs......Page 634
Basic Configurations......Page 636
Operational Reliability and Effectiveness......Page 637
Security......Page 638
Economic Efficiency......Page 639
General Management......Page 640
Conclusion......Page 641
11.4 Electronic Commerce......Page 643
Where Should Activities Be Performed?......Page 644
Two Examples from History......Page 645
Lesson # 1: Build Upon Internal Capabilities......Page 647
Lesson #2: Penetrate Quickly......Page 648
Lesson #3: Exploit the Economic Value of Informati.........Page 649
Summary......Page 650
SIV.PDF......Page 654
Managing the Business Function......Page 655
ch12.pdf......Page 657
Marketing of Technical Products......Page 658
12.1 Situation Analysis......Page 659
Aggregate Factors......Page 660
Environmental Factors......Page 661
Who Are the Customers?......Page 662
Assessing the Competitors’ Current Objectives......Page 663
Resource Analysis......Page 664
Shared Qualities of Technical and Nontechnical Pro.........Page 665
Unique Qualities of Technical Products and Implica.........Page 666
Summary......Page 668
The Value Perspective......Page 670
Implementing a Value Perspective......Page 671
Price Customization: Value and Methods......Page 672
Conclusion......Page 674
Channel Alternatives......Page 675
The Enabling Conditions......Page 677
Shrinking Margins and Pressure to Sell Direct......Page 678
Hybrid Channels......Page 679
Conclusion......Page 680
Sales Promotions......Page 681
Public Relations and Networking......Page 682
Conclusion......Page 683
What Is The House of Quality?......Page 684
Why Use The House of Quality?......Page 686
Collect the Voice of the Customer......Page 687
Finally......Page 689
12.7 Marketing Segments......Page 690
Need and Definition of Segmentation......Page 691
Segmentation Strategies......Page 692
Conclusions......Page 695
12.8 Technology Forecasting and Futuring......Page 696
Philosophy of Forecasting......Page 697
Concept of Futuring......Page 698
Conclusions......Page 699
Factors Affecting Learning......Page 700
Using Learning Curves in Cost Prediction and Price.........Page 701
When Learning Curves Should be Used......Page 704
Advertising Objectives and Tasks......Page 706
Advertising Strategy: Push vs. Pull......Page 707
Media Available......Page 708
Conclusions......Page 709
What is Direct Marketing......Page 710
Magazines......Page 711
Radio......Page 712
Internet......Page 713
The Offer......Page 714
Evaluating Direct Marketing Programs......Page 715
Sources of Brand Equity......Page 716
Measuring Brand Equity......Page 717
Integrating the Brand into the Supporting Marketin.........Page 718
Managing Brand Equity......Page 719
What Makes a Strong Brand?......Page 720
Special Considerations for Technical Products......Page 721
12.13 Conjoint Analysis: Methods and Applications......Page 722
Basic Ideas of Conjoint Analysis......Page 723
Types of Conjoint Data Collection......Page 724
Stimulus Presentation......Page 725
Future Directions......Page 727
Cost-Effective Strategies......Page 729
Customization at the Customer Level......Page 730
Choice......Page 731
Choosing a Method of Customer Collaboration......Page 732
Summary......Page 733
12.15 Focus Groups and Qualitative Research......Page 734
Focus Group Definition......Page 735
Focus Group Procedures......Page 736
Conclusions......Page 739
Foundations......Page 740
Strategies......Page 741
Goals and Objectives......Page 742
Evaluation and Control......Page 744
12.17 Branding and Private Label Strategies......Page 745
Who Produces Private Labels?......Page 746
Prices and Quality of Private Labels......Page 747
Penetration of Private Labels......Page 748
Conclusions......Page 749
Kinds of Demand......Page 750
Significance of Buying Center Roles......Page 751
Significance of Buying Situations on the Buying Ce.........Page 752
Conclusions......Page 753
Customer Determinants of Adoption......Page 754
Modeling Trial/Adoption......Page 755
Summary......Page 757
Competitor and Market Information......Page 758
Outside Sales......Page 759
The Service Department......Page 760
New Product Development......Page 761
Completing the Assessment......Page 762
ch13.pdf......Page 763
Production and Manufacturing......Page 764
Job-Shop and Batch Production......Page 765
Continuous Production......Page 766
Capital Investment, Automation, Advanced Technolog.........Page 767
13.2 Management and Scheduling......Page 768
Trends and Innovations......Page 769
Scheduling......Page 770
Effects of Contemporary Management Practices......Page 772
13.3 Capacity......Page 774
Factors that Affect Capacity......Page 775
Medium-Term Capacity Planning......Page 776
Queueing Network Analysis......Page 777
Example......Page 778
Planning for the Long Term......Page 779
Game Theoretic Approach......Page 780
Fundamentals......Page 782
Costs......Page 783
Treatment of Excess Demand......Page 784
The EOQ Model......Page 785
Nonstationarity......Page 786
Randomness 1: The Newsvendor Model......Page 787
Randomness 2: The Lot Size Reorder Point Model......Page 788
Historical Notes and Further Reading......Page 789
Measurements......Page 790
Statistical Quality Control......Page 791
Control Charts for Variables......Page 792
Charts for Nonconforming Items......Page 794
Tolerances and Capability......Page 796
The Experience Curve Logic......Page 798
Experience Curve Principles......Page 799
Learning Curve Formulation......Page 800
Cautions and Criticisms......Page 801
Economic Implications......Page 802
13.7 Just-in-Time Purchasing......Page 803
Buyer/Supplier Partnership......Page 804
Beneficial Sourcing Policy......Page 805
Joint Buyer/Supplier Efforts to Improve Relationsh.........Page 806
Conclusion......Page 807
The System Design Process......Page 809
Rapid Prototyping......Page 812
When to Use Modeling and Prototyping......Page 813
Flexibility......Page 814
Flexible Manufacturing Systems......Page 815
Automated Storage/Retrieval System (AS/RS)......Page 816
Telemanufacturing......Page 817
The Logic of Telemanufacturing and its Relation to.........Page 818
Acknowledgments......Page 819
13.10 Design for Manufacturability......Page 820
DFM Guidelines......Page 821
Evaluation of Manufacturability for Stamped Part i.........Page 825
13.11 Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing......Page 827
What Is CAD?......Page 828
Enterprise-Wide Automation Systems......Page 829
Investing in Advanced Manufacturing Technology......Page 830
Concluding Remarks......Page 831
Defining Quality and TQM......Page 832
Process Quality Management......Page 833
Focus on the Customer......Page 834
Organizing for Quality: Mission and Model......Page 835
Conclusions......Page 836
Just-in-Time Principles......Page 837
Visibility......Page 838
Setup Time Reduction......Page 839
Kaizen Improvement......Page 840
Uniform Load Schedules......Page 841
13.14 Lean Manufacturing......Page 842
Just-in-Time Production......Page 843
Supplier Relationships......Page 844
What Can You Expect from Adopting Lean Manufacturi.........Page 845
Summary......Page 846
Organizing for Green Manufacturing......Page 848
Choosing Green Manufacturing Options......Page 849
Changes in Production Processes......Page 850
Better Housekeeping......Page 851
Motives for Quality Standards in Global Value Chain......Page 852
Why Register to Certify for ISO Quality Standard?......Page 853
The ISO 9000 Standard Series......Page 854
The ISO 9003 Standard......Page 855
Limitations of ISO 9000 Standards......Page 856
Derived Industry-Specific Standards......Page 857
ch15.pdf......Page 858
15.1 Project Evaluation and Selection......Page 859
Net Present Value (NPV) Comparison......Page 860
Return-on-Investment Comparison......Page 861
Qualitative Approaches to Project Evaluation and S.........Page 862
Collective Multifunctional Evaluations......Page 863
A Final Note......Page 864
Activity Time-Cost Trade-off......Page 866
Work Breakdown Structure......Page 867
Backward Pass......Page 868
Updating the Schedule......Page 869
Modifying the Project Schedule......Page 871
Combined CDA and CRA......Page 872
Project Management Using CPM......Page 873
Project Scope Management......Page 874
Work Breakdown Structures......Page 875
Project Scheduling......Page 876
Summary......Page 878
15.4 Controlling Cost and Schedule......Page 879
Tracking and Controlling Project Expenditures......Page 880
Cost Risk Reduction......Page 881
Probabilistic Schedule Estimates......Page 882
Software for Cost and Schedule Control......Page 883
Definitions......Page 885
Technical Feasibility......Page 886
Environmental Feasibility......Page 887
Toll Road Example 1......Page 888
Toll Road Example 2......Page 889
Toll Road Example 4, with Inflation......Page 890
Conclusions......Page 891
SV.PDF......Page 893
Strategy of the Firm......Page 894
ch16.pdf......Page 895
16.1 Design and Implementation of Technology Strat.........Page 896
Technological Competence and Capability......Page 897
Technology Choice......Page 898
Technology Entry Timing......Page 899
Scope of Technology Strategy......Page 900
Evolutionary Forces Shaping Technology Strategy......Page 901
Technology Evolution......Page 902
Organizational Context......Page 903
Research......Page 904
Practice......Page 905
Internal Sourcing......Page 906
Product and Process Development......Page 907
Conclusion......Page 908
Alternative Technology Roles in Creating Advantage.........Page 912
The Duality of Technology Programs......Page 913
In Summary......Page 914
16.3 The Business Plan......Page 915
Aspects of a Business Plan......Page 916
Using The Plan......Page 920
16.5 Benchmarking......Page 921
Benchmarking Defined......Page 922
Functions of Benchmarking......Page 923
Benchmarking Studies......Page 924
The Benchmarking Process......Page 925
Summary......Page 927
Dimensions of a Core Capability......Page 928
Issues in the Management of Core Capabilities......Page 929
16.7 Creating a Vision......Page 931
Creating an Ideal Vision......Page 932
The Vision in its Broader Strategic Context......Page 934
Creating a Technology Vision......Page 935
16.8 Strategic Management of Technological Learning......Page 936
Towards an Architecture of Higher Order Technological Learning and Unlearning......Page 937
An Operational Framework for the Assessment of Learning Outcomes......Page 939
Empirical Findings and Conclusions......Page 940
ch17.pdf......Page 944
17.1 Diversification through Acquisition......Page 945
Strategic Analysis for Value-Creating Acquisitions.........Page 946
Premium Recapture Analysis for Value-Creating Acqu.........Page 948
Competitors......Page 949
Time, Value, and the Premium......Page 950
The Contract: Typical Negotiated Terms......Page 951
Benefits to be Taken......Page 952
Coordination of Activities between Sponsor and Ven.........Page 953
Measures of Performance and Owner-Imposed Controls.........Page 954
Mutatis Mutandis......Page 955
17.3 Strategic Technology Transfer......Page 958
External Source to Internal User......Page 959
Internal Source to Internal User......Page 960
Organization Factors......Page 961
17.4 Corporate Performance......Page 962
Corporate Performance from the Perspective of Cust.........Page 963
Financial Value Measures......Page 964
A Profit Plan Prices Strategy......Page 966
Building Team Diversity......Page 968
Gathering Information......Page 969
Step Three: Making Good Decisions Fast, Again and .........Page 970
Developing Consensus with Qualification......Page 971
17.6 Insourcing/Outsourcing......Page 972
Core Competence......Page 973
Reliance on Suppliers......Page 974
Supplier Performance......Page 975
Advantages/Disadvantages of Insourcing......Page 976
Advantages/Disadvantages of Outsourcing......Page 977
Model One — The Rosebush Analogy......Page 979
Model Two — Diverting the Revenue Stream......Page 981
Model Three — The One-Stop Shop......Page 983
Model Four — Bundling of Non-Rival Goods......Page 984
Model Five — The Technology Club......Page 986
SVI.PDF......Page 989
Core Relationships for the Technology Manager......Page 990
ch18.pdf......Page 991
18.1 Recruitment of High-Technology Workers: Today.........Page 992
Cultural Diversity of High-Technology Workers......Page 993
Keys to Success......Page 994
Acknowledgment......Page 995
Selection Techniques......Page 996
Legal Issues......Page 997
Conclusions......Page 999
Continual Learning......Page 1001
Validating Skills......Page 1002
Conclusion......Page 1003
Types of Performance Measures......Page 1004
Approaches to Performance Appraisals......Page 1005
Improving Performance Appraisal......Page 1007
Performance Feedback......Page 1008
Participation and Problem Definition......Page 1010
Evaluating Potential Consultants......Page 1011
Structuring the Engagement......Page 1013
Conclusion......Page 1014
Virtual Networks for Technology Development......Page 1015
Design of Virtual Teams......Page 1017
Conclusion......Page 1018
Theories of Job Worth......Page 1019
Designing the Pay Structure......Page 1020
Pay for Performance......Page 1021
Benefits......Page 1022
Conclusion......Page 1023
ch19.pdf......Page 1025
19.1 Careers of Technical Professionals......Page 1026
Dalton and Thompson’s Four-Stage Model......Page 1027
Schein’s Career Anchor Model......Page 1028
Katz Job Longevity Model......Page 1030
Career Orientations and Dual-Ladder Reward Systems.........Page 1031
Values, Goals, and Priorities......Page 1034
Files......Page 1035
Personal Information Managers......Page 1036
Internet/Intranets......Page 1037
Historical Forces on Ethics......Page 1038
Managerial Ethics......Page 1039
Information and Computer Ethics......Page 1040
19.4 The Human Voice in the Age of Technology......Page 1042
Loyalty at Work......Page 1043
The Spirit of the Leader......Page 1044
Trusting One Another......Page 1045
19.5 Written Communication......Page 1046
Planning......Page 1047
Drafting......Page 1048
Revising......Page 1049
Set the Agenda......Page 1051
During the Meeting: What Gets Said......Page 1052
During the Meeting: What Gets Written......Page 1053
The Technical Side of Meeting Management......Page 1054
Option 3: Using Still Projectors......Page 1055
Groupware Option 1: Teleconferencing......Page 1056
Groupware Option 3: Electronic Meetings......Page 1057
Changing Workplace Demands......Page 1059
The Changing Organization......Page 1060
The Individual and Lifelong Learning......Page 1061
Conclusions......Page 1062
ch20.pdf......Page 1063
20.1 System Reliability......Page 1064
The Bathtub Curve......Page 1065
Units for Failure Rates......Page 1067
The Exponential Distribution......Page 1068
Combinatorial Aspects......Page 1069
Modeling Maintenance......Page 1071
Markov Models......Page 1072
Binary Model for a Reparable Component......Page 1073
Two Dissimilar Reparable Components......Page 1074
Two Identical Reparable Components......Page 1075
Some Useful Approximations......Page 1076
Factors for Considering Reliability in Product Des.........Page 1078
Definition, Design, and Release to Manufacturing P.........Page 1079
Design Reliability Analysis Methods......Page 1081
Reliability Data Sources......Page 1082
Maintainability, Reliability, and Availability......Page 1083
A Process Perspective of Maintainability......Page 1084
Conclusion......Page 1086
Maintainability Importance and Objectives, Expecta.........Page 1088
Maintainability and Availability Analyses Purpose .........Page 1089
General Maintainability Design Guidelines and Comm.........Page 1090
Median Preventive Maintenance Time......Page 1091
ch21.pdf......Page 1093
21.1 Managing Sources of Hazards in Engineered Sys.........Page 1094
Hazard (Risk) Control......Page 1095
Trip, Slip, and Fall......Page 1096
Chemical Hazards......Page 1097
Routes of Entry......Page 1098
Airborne Contaminants......Page 1099
Fire Hazards......Page 1100
Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis......Page 1101
Hazard and Operability Study......Page 1102
Event Tree Analysis......Page 1103
The Concept of Human-Machine Systems......Page 1105
Ergonomics in Industry......Page 1107
The Role of Ergonomics in Prevention of Occupation.........Page 1111
Fitting the Work Environment to the Workers......Page 1112
SVII.PDF......Page 1116
Global Business Management......Page 1117
ch22.pdf......Page 1119
22.1 Global Marketing......Page 1120
Product......Page 1121
Channel Organization......Page 1122
Price......Page 1123
The Evolution of Multinational Corporations......Page 1124
An Organizational Model for Multinational Corporat.........Page 1125
Technology Management in Multinational Corporation.........Page 1127
International Manufacturing Strategy......Page 1129
Business Climate and Risks......Page 1130
Site-Specific Issues......Page 1131
Management of Overseas Production Facility......Page 1132
Expatriate Policy......Page 1133
22.4 International Strategic Alliances......Page 1134
Types of Strategic Alliances for Technology Firms......Page 1135
Motivations for International Strategic Alliances......Page 1136
Guidelines for International Alliance Success......Page 1137
Conclusion......Page 1138
Japanese Concept of Innovation Cycle......Page 1139
Technology Strategies of Japanese Companies......Page 1141
National Science and Technology Policy......Page 1143
New Global Realities......Page 1146
Countries Get Smaller, Economic Groups Get Larger......Page 1147
Speed......Page 1148
Global Scope and World Scale......Page 1149
Elimination of Industry Boundaries......Page 1150
Challenges of the New World of Business......Page 1151
SAPP.PDF......Page 1153
Appendixes......Page 1154
Appa.pdf......Page 1155
Glossary of Business Terms......Page 1156
Appb.pdf......Page 1162
The Bookshelf of Great Books......Page 1163
Appc.pdf......Page 1165
Twelve Great Innovations......Page 1166
Appd.pdf......Page 1167
Associations and Government Organizations......Page 1168
Appe.pdf......Page 1169
Magazines and Journals......Page 1170
Table of contents :
fm1.pdf......Page 1
Contents......Page 7
Organization......Page 3
Locating Your Topic......Page 4
Editor-in-Chief......Page 5
Editorial Board......Page 6
Contributors......Page 15
SI.PDF......Page 22
Contents......Page 0
The Technology Manager and the Modern Context......Page 23
ch01.pdf......Page 24
1.1 Characteristics of the Entrepreneur: Social Cr.........Page 25
Traditional Views on the Characteristics of Entrep.........Page 26
Entrepreneurship as a Social Activity......Page 27
Key Characteristics of Entrepreneurs as Social Cre.........Page 28
Conclusion......Page 29
A Description of the Barriers......Page 30
A Note on Barriers to Exit......Page 32
An Example Scenario......Page 33
Conclusion......Page 34
Identifying Potential Investors......Page 35
Build In “Go/No-Go” Decision Points......Page 36
Deal Structures......Page 37
Time to Raise Capital......Page 38
Conclusion......Page 39
1.4 Venture Capital......Page 40
Fundraising......Page 41
Investing......Page 42
Exiting......Page 43
1.5 Valuation of Technology and New Ventures......Page 45
Dimensions of Value......Page 46
International Considerations for Valuing Technolog.........Page 47
Value Codification......Page 48
Conclusion......Page 49
1.6 Internal Ventures......Page 50
Venture Forms......Page 51
Venturing Variables......Page 52
Corporate vs. Independent Venturing......Page 53
Corporate Perspective......Page 54
Placing Strategic Alliances in Context......Page 56
Knowledge Exchange, Cooperation, and Competition i.........Page 57
Justifying Strategic Alliances......Page 58
The Structure of Strategic Alliances......Page 60
Summary......Page 62
Typology......Page 65
Strategies......Page 66
Resources......Page 67
Organization......Page 68
Spin-Offs as Technology Transfer......Page 69
The Parent Organization......Page 70
The Technology Commercialization Environment......Page 71
A Spin-Off from a University Research Center......Page 72
ch02.pdf......Page 75
Science and Technology Policy......Page 76
2.1 Government Policy......Page 77
The Post–World War II Period......Page 78
Recent Science and Technology Policy Issues......Page 80
How Is Government Policy on Science and Technology.........Page 81
2.2 U.S. Tax Policy toward the Adoption and Creati.........Page 82
Expensing of Current Costs of R&D......Page 83
R&D Tax Credit......Page 84
Defining Eligible R&D Spending......Page 85
Policy Issues......Page 86
Innovation Models, Technology Politics, and Techno.........Page 87
The Federal Government’s Roles in Industrial Innov.........Page 88
Issues in Innovation Policy......Page 90
2.4 Research and Development Laboratories......Page 91
Classification of R&D Laboratories......Page 92
Performance Assessment......Page 93
Resource Competition......Page 94
Strategic Differences among the Baby Bells......Page 96
NYNEX......Page 97
Bell Atlantic......Page 98
Value Chain Analysis......Page 99
2.6 Commercialization of Public Sector Technology:.........Page 101
Congressional Mandate......Page 102
Issues......Page 103
Conclusion......Page 105
Income from Patents......Page 106
Example......Page 107
Example......Page 108
Example......Page 109
Example......Page 110
Example......Page 111
The American Regulatory Dynamic......Page 112
Best Available Evidence: Environmental Health and .........Page 113
Divergent Patterns of Impact: Energy, Finance, Com.........Page 114
From Particular to General Lessons......Page 115
Current Policy Trends......Page 116
ch03.pdf......Page 118
Innovation and Change......Page 119
3.1 The Evolution of Innovation......Page 120
The Dominant Design Theory......Page 121
The Technology S-Curve Theory......Page 122
The Technology and Market Trajectories Theory......Page 124
Theories about the Modularization of Design......Page 126
Fundamentals of Discontinuous Innovation......Page 130
Effects on Industry Structure......Page 131
Evaluating Progress......Page 132
Core Competence and Discontinuous Innovation......Page 133
Concluding Comments......Page 134
3.3 Business Process Reengineering......Page 135
Key Components of Reengineering......Page 136
The State of Reengineering......Page 137
Summary......Page 138
3.4 Diffusion of Innovations......Page 139
S-Shaped Curve of Adoption......Page 140
Adopter Categories......Page 141
The Innovation Decision......Page 142
Social System......Page 143
Limitations of the Diffusion Model......Page 144
Summary......Page 145
3.5 Knowledge Management......Page 146
Knowledge Management......Page 147
Knowledge Management Strategies......Page 148
Conclusions......Page 149
3.6 Research and Development......Page 150
Creating Intellectual Capital......Page 151
Types of Work Undertaken by R&D......Page 152
Stage-Gate Management of New Product Development......Page 153
Management Structure and Location of R&D......Page 154
The Problem of Basic Research......Page 155
R&D Productivity: What’s the Problem?......Page 156
Key Problems and Issues of Measuring R&D Performan.........Page 157
Level of Uncertainty......Page 158
Measuring R&D Performance in Organizations......Page 159
Measuring Behaviors vs. Measuring Results......Page 160
Structure your Organization and its R&D Unit Diffe.........Page 161
Lessons Learned in Measuring R&D Unit Performance......Page 162
3.8 Technology Life Cycles......Page 163
Maturity......Page 164
Summary of Technology Life Cycles......Page 165
Technology Life Cycle Interactions......Page 166
3.9 Dominant Design......Page 168
Why and How Dominant Designs Emerge......Page 169
The Economic and Social Impact of Dominant Designs.........Page 170
Continuing Controversies......Page 171
3.10 Technology Integration: Matching Technology a.........Page 172
The Foundations of Technology Integration......Page 173
Knowledge Generation......Page 174
Integration and Performance......Page 175
Technology Integration and Product Development Pro.........Page 177
3.11 New Ventures for Technological Innovation......Page 179
Strategy and Business Plan for a New Venture......Page 180
Commercial Potential of New High-Tech Ventures......Page 181
Dynamics of New High-Tech Ventures......Page 182
Defining Convergence......Page 185
Convergence and Systems......Page 186
Convergence and Government Regulation......Page 187
Strategy and Industry Evolution......Page 188
Locating R&D Activities......Page 191
Technological Trajectories......Page 194
Corporate Strategic Style......Page 195
#1 The Law of Connection: Embrace Dumb Power......Page 197
#2 The Law of Plentitude: More Gives More......Page 199
#3 The Law of Exponential Value: Success is Nonlinear......Page 200
#4 The Law of Tipping Points: Significance Precedes Momentum......Page 201
#5 The Law of Increasing Returns: Make Virtuous Circles......Page 202
#6 The Law of Inverse Pricing: Anticipate the Cheap......Page 203
#7 The Law of Generosity: Follow the Free......Page 205
#8 The Law of the Allegieance: Feed the Web First......Page 206
#9 The Law of Devolution: Let Go at the Top......Page 207
#10 The Law of Displacement: The Net Wins......Page 208
#11 The Law of Churn: Seek Sustainable Disequilibrium......Page 209
#12 The Law of Inefficiencies: Don’t Solve Problems......Page 211
SII.PDF......Page 214
Knowledge for the Technology Manager......Page 215
ch04.pdf......Page 216
Economics......Page 217
Gains from Exchange......Page 218
Markets Facilitate the Division of Labor and Knowl.........Page 220
Markets and Motives......Page 221
2.1 Basic Principles of Demand......Page 223
2.2 Pricing in More Complex Markets......Page 224
4.3 Profit......Page 226
4.4 Marginal Analysis in Economics......Page 228
4.5 Opportunity Cost......Page 233
Opportunity Cost......Page 234
Example 1: Real Estate......Page 235
4.6 Government......Page 236
Fixed and Random Models of Government......Page 237
Public Good Provision......Page 238
The Buchanan Test......Page 239
4.7 Business Cycles......Page 240
An Economic Model......Page 241
Policy Implications......Page 244
Summary......Page 245
Influence of Inflation on an Economic System......Page 246
Incorporating the Influence of Inflation in Econom.........Page 247
4.9 Cost-Benefit Analysis......Page 251
Applying Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Simple Example......Page 252
Valuing Benefits and Costs......Page 253
The Discount Rate......Page 254
Concluding Remarks......Page 255
The Meanings of Interest Rates......Page 256
Understanding Interest Rate Movements......Page 258
4.11 Productivity......Page 260
4.12 Trade: Import/Export......Page 265
The Taxonomies of Barter and Countertrade......Page 267
Defining Terms......Page 268
Value Proposition, Competitive Advantage, and Risk.........Page 269
Analyzing the Value Chain Using Coordination Theor.........Page 270
Managing Flow Dependencies......Page 271
Managing Sharing Dependencies......Page 272
Improving Quality and Cycle Time in the Value Chai.........Page 273
Conclusion and Implications......Page 274
4.14 Supply Chain Management......Page 275
Fundamentals of Supply Chain Management......Page 276
Applications and Examples......Page 277
Future Developments......Page 278
Monopoly and Allocative Efficiency......Page 279
Antitrust Regulation......Page 280
Conclusions......Page 281
Banks and other Financial Institutions within the .........Page 282
Central Banking and Monetary Policy......Page 285
An Overview of the Money and Banking System......Page 287
4.17 Economics of Information Age Industries......Page 288
Network Effects......Page 289
Lock-In......Page 290
Current Policy Issues......Page 291
ch05.pdf......Page 293
Types of Data......Page 294
Describing Continuous Random Variables with a Gaus.........Page 295
A Discrete Distribution for Discrete Variables wit.........Page 297
Nonprobability-Based Descriptions of Data......Page 298
Data Collection over Time and Space......Page 299
Acknowledgment......Page 300
Choosing Data for a Sample......Page 301
Testing Hypotheses......Page 302
Sample Sizes......Page 303
Design of Experiments......Page 304
Statistical Quality Control......Page 305
Acknowledgments......Page 306
Rational Subgrouping......Page 307
Applications of Control Charting......Page 309
Bottle Filling Example —–X and R......Page 310
Summary......Page 313
The Linear Regression Model......Page 314
Cost Estimation Example......Page 316
Forecasting Principles......Page 319
Forecasting Techniques......Page 320
Using TF......Page 323
General Principles of Data Analysis: The Four Rs......Page 324
Illustration: Research and Development in High-Tec.........Page 325
Summary......Page 327
5.7 Design of Experiments......Page 328
ch06.pdf......Page 336
Accounting......Page 337
A Technology Manager Should Understand the Role of.........Page 338
Who Creates the Demand for Financial Statements?......Page 339
Management Contracting also Determines What Goes i.........Page 340
Company Financial Statements Are the Responsibilit.........Page 341
Five Factors that Influence a Manager’s Supply of .........Page 342
Electronic Filing Achieves an Important SEC Object.........Page 343
Accounting Choices Cannot be Viewed Apart from the.........Page 344
Good Financial Statement Choices and Increased Sha.........Page 345
Internet Sites......Page 347
6.4 Cost Allocation......Page 348
Allocations in Income Determination......Page 349
Service Department Allocations......Page 350
Cost Justification and Reimbursement......Page 351
Fundamentals......Page 352
Complexity as a Resource-Consuming Activity......Page 353
Applications and Illustrations......Page 354
Activity-Based Costing of Services......Page 355
Summary......Page 356
6.6 Auditing......Page 357
The Audit Report......Page 358
Internal Evidence......Page 359
Detecting Financial Statement Fraud......Page 360
6.7 Depreciation and Corporate Taxes......Page 361
Decision Criteria for Project Selection......Page 362
Inflation Consideration......Page 363
After-Tax Cash Flows......Page 364
Effects of Various Factors......Page 365
Objects of Performance Evaluation......Page 368
Impact on Behavior......Page 370
Types of Incentive Schemes for Top Management......Page 371
Designing of Incentive Systems......Page 372
ch07.pdf......Page 374
Organizations......Page 375
7.1 The Motivation of Technical Professionals......Page 376
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory......Page 377
Motivation through the Design of Work......Page 378
Tenets of Motivation......Page 381
A Brief History of Job Design Models......Page 382
A Comparison of the Four Models......Page 384
Infrastructure Needed to Support Job Design......Page 385
The Nature of Design......Page 387
The Human Factor......Page 388
Eras in the Evolution of Organization Design......Page 389
New Organizational Arrangements......Page 390
Phases in the Organization Design Process......Page 391
7.4 Hierarchy and Integration in Organizations and.........Page 392
Integration within Organizations......Page 393
Hierarchy in Products: Theory, Definitions, and Im.........Page 394
Product Decomposition and Partitioning......Page 395
Analysis of Hierarchically Decomposed/Partitioned .........Page 396
Integration across Organizations and their Product.........Page 397
Strategic Component Decisions: “Plug ’n’ Play” Org.........Page 398
The “Anchor Points”......Page 400
Special Requirements of Matrix Organizations......Page 403
Conclusion: Selecting an Organization Design......Page 404
7.6 The Matrix Organization Revisited......Page 405
Hybrid and Matrix-Type Structures of Organizations.........Page 406
Organizational Structures and Research and Develop.........Page 407
Cultural Similarities and Differences......Page 408
Adoption and Abandonment of Matrix Management......Page 409
Implications for Technologists and other Decision .........Page 410
Conclusion......Page 411
Elementary Structures......Page 414
The Deep Structure of Organizations......Page 416
Networks and Hierarchies: The Yin and Yang of Orga.........Page 417
7.8 Power in Organizations......Page 419
The Functions of Power-Oriented Behavior......Page 420
How to Develop Power in Organizations......Page 421
How to Manage Power Dynamics......Page 423
Reciprocation......Page 424
Social Proof......Page 425
Authority......Page 426
Legitimacy......Page 427
Conclusion......Page 428
Effective Planning......Page 429
Exchanging Information......Page 430
Closing with Value......Page 432
7.11 Rewards for Professionals: A Social Identity .........Page 433
Traditional Tiered Pay......Page 434
Work Opportunities and Social Identity......Page 435
Value-Affirming Opportunities......Page 436
Conclusion......Page 437
Fundamentals of Teams and Team Building......Page 438
Application of Teams and Team Building......Page 439
Process......Page 440
Tools......Page 441
2x4 Planning......Page 442
Conclusions: Success and Failure......Page 443
Key Themes in the Research on Organizational Learn.........Page 444
At What Level Is Learning Occurring......Page 445
Developing an Organizational Learning Capacity Inv.........Page 446
Unlearning as a Precursor to Learning......Page 447
Future Directions in Organizational Learning......Page 448
Acknowledgments......Page 449
7.14 Organizational Culture......Page 450
Culture as a Social Control System......Page 451
The Psychology of Social Control......Page 452
Managing Culture......Page 453
Conclusion......Page 454
Telecommuting on the Rise......Page 455
Telecommuting Technologies......Page 456
ISDN for Telecommuting......Page 457
Security for Remote Work......Page 458
Legal Implications......Page 459
7.16 The Nature of Technological Paradigms: A Conc.........Page 461
Technological Paradigms and Trajectories......Page 462
Technological Paradigms and Firms......Page 464
Conclusion and Implications......Page 465
Leadership vs. Management......Page 467
The Leadership Skill of Vision......Page 468
The Leadership Skill of Mobilization......Page 469
Leaders as Champions of Innovation......Page 470
7.18 The Golden Rules of Power and Influence......Page 471
Rules for Building Influence......Page 472
Build Knowledge Networks......Page 473
Build Interpersonal Skills......Page 474
7.19 Social Capital and Technological Innovation......Page 475
Constituent Elements of Social Capital......Page 476
Social Capital and Organizational Transformation......Page 477
Conclusions......Page 478
7.20 Human Capital......Page 480
Stage One: Clarification......Page 481
Stage Two: Assessment......Page 482
Stage Four: Implementation......Page 483
Stage Five: Monitoring......Page 484
A Closer Look......Page 485
Summary......Page 486
SIII.PDF......Page 489
Tools for the Technology Manager......Page 490
ch08.pdf......Page 491
Finance......Page 492
Cash and Cash Equivalents......Page 493
Cash Flow in Financial Analysis......Page 494
Other Cash Flow Management Concepts......Page 495
Summary......Page 496
Relevant Cash Flows......Page 498
Specialized Valuation Methods......Page 500
Summary......Page 501
Projects......Page 502
Project Selection......Page 503
Ranking Proposals on IRR......Page 504
Decentralizing Capital Budgeting Decision Making......Page 505
8.4 Risk Management and Assessment......Page 506
Risk Assessment......Page 507
Risk Management......Page 508
Some Concluding Comments......Page 510
8.5 Equity Finance......Page 511
Conceptual Issues Associated with Equity......Page 512
Decisions on Equity Financing......Page 514
Example: Cirrus Logic in 1996......Page 515
Conclusion......Page 516
8.6 Debt Finance......Page 518
Business Debt......Page 519
Corporate Long-Term Debt......Page 520
Consumer Debt......Page 521
Timing of Debt Issuance......Page 523
Fixed and Variable Costs......Page 525
Scale Affects......Page 526
Project Duration Costs......Page 527
8.8 Mergers and Acquisitions......Page 528
Financial Analysis......Page 529
Screening and Analysis of Target Companies......Page 530
Forms of an Acquisition......Page 531
Accounting for Acquisitions......Page 532
Summary......Page 533
8.9 Pension Funds......Page 534
Pension Funds......Page 535
Conclusion......Page 536
8.10 Real Estate : Rights, Development and Value......Page 537
Public Limitations to Title......Page 538
The Land Development Process......Page 539
Real Estate Valuation Terminology......Page 540
Appraisal Methods......Page 541
Reference Materials......Page 542
Overview......Page 544
Tax vs. Nontax Lease......Page 545
Financial Reporting Reasons......Page 546
Service, Flexibility, and other Motivations......Page 547
Conclusion......Page 548
Sensitivity Analysis Applications......Page 550
Sensitivity Graph for Gas Heating Systems......Page 551
Spider Diagram for a Commercial Building Investmen.........Page 552
Advantages and Disadvantages......Page 553
8.13 Life-Cycle Costing......Page 554
The Life-Cycle Costing Situation......Page 555
Conceptual System Design......Page 556
The Cost Breakdown Structure......Page 557
Cost Analysis Goals......Page 558
Cost Treatment over the Life Cycle......Page 559
Summary......Page 560
8.14 Financial Ratios......Page 562
Common-Sized Financial Statements......Page 563
Fundamental Market Ratios......Page 565
Recent Trends in Security Analysis......Page 567
Net Present Value......Page 568
Overall Rate of Return (ORR)......Page 569
Project Investment Base......Page 570
Project Life Differences......Page 571
Conclusion......Page 573
Analysis Period......Page 574
Discount Rate......Page 576
Application......Page 577
Uncertainty......Page 578
Externalities......Page 579
Steps in Carrying Out Project Selection......Page 580
Applications......Page 582
Conclusion......Page 584
ch09.pdf......Page 585
Making Values Explicit......Page 586
Structuring Objectives......Page 587
Creating Alternatives......Page 588
Decision Opportunities......Page 590
9.2 System Models for Decision Making......Page 591
Influence Diagrams......Page 592
Decision Trees......Page 593
Principles of Modeling and Analysis......Page 594
9.3 Uncertainty......Page 596
The Interpretation of Probability......Page 597
The Assessment of Probability......Page 598
9.4 Decision Analysis......Page 600
The Value of Information......Page 602
Concluding Remarks......Page 605
ch10.pdf......Page 606
Governing Laws......Page 607
Consideration......Page 608
Mistake and Misunderstanding......Page 609
Special Types of Contracts......Page 610
Intellectual Property......Page 611
Patents......Page 612
Copyrights......Page 613
Licenses......Page 614
Fundamentals of Intellectual Property Rights......Page 616
IP Considerations during Concept Development......Page 617
IP Considerations during Marketing and Distributio.........Page 618
Conclusion......Page 619
ch11.pdf......Page 621
11.1 Database......Page 622
What Management Needs to Know about New Developmen.........Page 623
Integration of Database Management in Organization.........Page 624
Summary......Page 625
11.2 Decision Support Systems......Page 626
The Nature of Decision Support Systems......Page 627
Technique-Oriented Classification......Page 628
Organizational Classification......Page 629
Emerging Developments in Decision Support......Page 631
11.3 Network Management......Page 632
The Importance of Network Management......Page 633
LANs and WANs......Page 634
Basic Configurations......Page 636
Operational Reliability and Effectiveness......Page 637
Security......Page 638
Economic Efficiency......Page 639
General Management......Page 640
Conclusion......Page 641
11.4 Electronic Commerce......Page 643
Where Should Activities Be Performed?......Page 644
Two Examples from History......Page 645
Lesson # 1: Build Upon Internal Capabilities......Page 647
Lesson #2: Penetrate Quickly......Page 648
Lesson #3: Exploit the Economic Value of Informati.........Page 649
Summary......Page 650
SIV.PDF......Page 654
Managing the Business Function......Page 655
ch12.pdf......Page 657
Marketing of Technical Products......Page 658
12.1 Situation Analysis......Page 659
Aggregate Factors......Page 660
Environmental Factors......Page 661
Who Are the Customers?......Page 662
Assessing the Competitors’ Current Objectives......Page 663
Resource Analysis......Page 664
Shared Qualities of Technical and Nontechnical Pro.........Page 665
Unique Qualities of Technical Products and Implica.........Page 666
Summary......Page 668
The Value Perspective......Page 670
Implementing a Value Perspective......Page 671
Price Customization: Value and Methods......Page 672
Conclusion......Page 674
Channel Alternatives......Page 675
The Enabling Conditions......Page 677
Shrinking Margins and Pressure to Sell Direct......Page 678
Hybrid Channels......Page 679
Conclusion......Page 680
Sales Promotions......Page 681
Public Relations and Networking......Page 682
Conclusion......Page 683
What Is The House of Quality?......Page 684
Why Use The House of Quality?......Page 686
Collect the Voice of the Customer......Page 687
Finally......Page 689
12.7 Marketing Segments......Page 690
Need and Definition of Segmentation......Page 691
Segmentation Strategies......Page 692
Conclusions......Page 695
12.8 Technology Forecasting and Futuring......Page 696
Philosophy of Forecasting......Page 697
Concept of Futuring......Page 698
Conclusions......Page 699
Factors Affecting Learning......Page 700
Using Learning Curves in Cost Prediction and Price.........Page 701
When Learning Curves Should be Used......Page 704
Advertising Objectives and Tasks......Page 706
Advertising Strategy: Push vs. Pull......Page 707
Media Available......Page 708
Conclusions......Page 709
What is Direct Marketing......Page 710
Magazines......Page 711
Radio......Page 712
Internet......Page 713
The Offer......Page 714
Evaluating Direct Marketing Programs......Page 715
Sources of Brand Equity......Page 716
Measuring Brand Equity......Page 717
Integrating the Brand into the Supporting Marketin.........Page 718
Managing Brand Equity......Page 719
What Makes a Strong Brand?......Page 720
Special Considerations for Technical Products......Page 721
12.13 Conjoint Analysis: Methods and Applications......Page 722
Basic Ideas of Conjoint Analysis......Page 723
Types of Conjoint Data Collection......Page 724
Stimulus Presentation......Page 725
Future Directions......Page 727
Cost-Effective Strategies......Page 729
Customization at the Customer Level......Page 730
Choice......Page 731
Choosing a Method of Customer Collaboration......Page 732
Summary......Page 733
12.15 Focus Groups and Qualitative Research......Page 734
Focus Group Definition......Page 735
Focus Group Procedures......Page 736
Conclusions......Page 739
Foundations......Page 740
Strategies......Page 741
Goals and Objectives......Page 742
Evaluation and Control......Page 744
12.17 Branding and Private Label Strategies......Page 745
Who Produces Private Labels?......Page 746
Prices and Quality of Private Labels......Page 747
Penetration of Private Labels......Page 748
Conclusions......Page 749
Kinds of Demand......Page 750
Significance of Buying Center Roles......Page 751
Significance of Buying Situations on the Buying Ce.........Page 752
Conclusions......Page 753
Customer Determinants of Adoption......Page 754
Modeling Trial/Adoption......Page 755
Summary......Page 757
Competitor and Market Information......Page 758
Outside Sales......Page 759
The Service Department......Page 760
New Product Development......Page 761
Completing the Assessment......Page 762
ch13.pdf......Page 763
Production and Manufacturing......Page 764
Job-Shop and Batch Production......Page 765
Continuous Production......Page 766
Capital Investment, Automation, Advanced Technolog.........Page 767
13.2 Management and Scheduling......Page 768
Trends and Innovations......Page 769
Scheduling......Page 770
Effects of Contemporary Management Practices......Page 772
13.3 Capacity......Page 774
Factors that Affect Capacity......Page 775
Medium-Term Capacity Planning......Page 776
Queueing Network Analysis......Page 777
Example......Page 778
Planning for the Long Term......Page 779
Game Theoretic Approach......Page 780
Fundamentals......Page 782
Costs......Page 783
Treatment of Excess Demand......Page 784
The EOQ Model......Page 785
Nonstationarity......Page 786
Randomness 1: The Newsvendor Model......Page 787
Randomness 2: The Lot Size Reorder Point Model......Page 788
Historical Notes and Further Reading......Page 789
Measurements......Page 790
Statistical Quality Control......Page 791
Control Charts for Variables......Page 792
Charts for Nonconforming Items......Page 794
Tolerances and Capability......Page 796
The Experience Curve Logic......Page 798
Experience Curve Principles......Page 799
Learning Curve Formulation......Page 800
Cautions and Criticisms......Page 801
Economic Implications......Page 802
13.7 Just-in-Time Purchasing......Page 803
Buyer/Supplier Partnership......Page 804
Beneficial Sourcing Policy......Page 805
Joint Buyer/Supplier Efforts to Improve Relationsh.........Page 806
Conclusion......Page 807
The System Design Process......Page 809
Rapid Prototyping......Page 812
When to Use Modeling and Prototyping......Page 813
Flexibility......Page 814
Flexible Manufacturing Systems......Page 815
Automated Storage/Retrieval System (AS/RS)......Page 816
Telemanufacturing......Page 817
The Logic of Telemanufacturing and its Relation to.........Page 818
Acknowledgments......Page 819
13.10 Design for Manufacturability......Page 820
DFM Guidelines......Page 821
Evaluation of Manufacturability for Stamped Part i.........Page 825
13.11 Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing......Page 827
What Is CAD?......Page 828
Enterprise-Wide Automation Systems......Page 829
Investing in Advanced Manufacturing Technology......Page 830
Concluding Remarks......Page 831
Defining Quality and TQM......Page 832
Process Quality Management......Page 833
Focus on the Customer......Page 834
Organizing for Quality: Mission and Model......Page 835
Conclusions......Page 836
Just-in-Time Principles......Page 837
Visibility......Page 838
Setup Time Reduction......Page 839
Kaizen Improvement......Page 840
Uniform Load Schedules......Page 841
13.14 Lean Manufacturing......Page 842
Just-in-Time Production......Page 843
Supplier Relationships......Page 844
What Can You Expect from Adopting Lean Manufacturi.........Page 845
Summary......Page 846
Organizing for Green Manufacturing......Page 848
Choosing Green Manufacturing Options......Page 849
Changes in Production Processes......Page 850
Better Housekeeping......Page 851
Motives for Quality Standards in Global Value Chain......Page 852
Why Register to Certify for ISO Quality Standard?......Page 853
The ISO 9000 Standard Series......Page 854
The ISO 9003 Standard......Page 855
Limitations of ISO 9000 Standards......Page 856
Derived Industry-Specific Standards......Page 857
ch15.pdf......Page 858
15.1 Project Evaluation and Selection......Page 859
Net Present Value (NPV) Comparison......Page 860
Return-on-Investment Comparison......Page 861
Qualitative Approaches to Project Evaluation and S.........Page 862
Collective Multifunctional Evaluations......Page 863
A Final Note......Page 864
Activity Time-Cost Trade-off......Page 866
Work Breakdown Structure......Page 867
Backward Pass......Page 868
Updating the Schedule......Page 869
Modifying the Project Schedule......Page 871
Combined CDA and CRA......Page 872
Project Management Using CPM......Page 873
Project Scope Management......Page 874
Work Breakdown Structures......Page 875
Project Scheduling......Page 876
Summary......Page 878
15.4 Controlling Cost and Schedule......Page 879
Tracking and Controlling Project Expenditures......Page 880
Cost Risk Reduction......Page 881
Probabilistic Schedule Estimates......Page 882
Software for Cost and Schedule Control......Page 883
Definitions......Page 885
Technical Feasibility......Page 886
Environmental Feasibility......Page 887
Toll Road Example 1......Page 888
Toll Road Example 2......Page 889
Toll Road Example 4, with Inflation......Page 890
Conclusions......Page 891
SV.PDF......Page 893
Strategy of the Firm......Page 894
ch16.pdf......Page 895
16.1 Design and Implementation of Technology Strat.........Page 896
Technological Competence and Capability......Page 897
Technology Choice......Page 898
Technology Entry Timing......Page 899
Scope of Technology Strategy......Page 900
Evolutionary Forces Shaping Technology Strategy......Page 901
Technology Evolution......Page 902
Organizational Context......Page 903
Research......Page 904
Practice......Page 905
Internal Sourcing......Page 906
Product and Process Development......Page 907
Conclusion......Page 908
Alternative Technology Roles in Creating Advantage.........Page 912
The Duality of Technology Programs......Page 913
In Summary......Page 914
16.3 The Business Plan......Page 915
Aspects of a Business Plan......Page 916
Using The Plan......Page 920
16.5 Benchmarking......Page 921
Benchmarking Defined......Page 922
Functions of Benchmarking......Page 923
Benchmarking Studies......Page 924
The Benchmarking Process......Page 925
Summary......Page 927
Dimensions of a Core Capability......Page 928
Issues in the Management of Core Capabilities......Page 929
16.7 Creating a Vision......Page 931
Creating an Ideal Vision......Page 932
The Vision in its Broader Strategic Context......Page 934
Creating a Technology Vision......Page 935
16.8 Strategic Management of Technological Learning......Page 936
Towards an Architecture of Higher Order Technological Learning and Unlearning......Page 937
An Operational Framework for the Assessment of Learning Outcomes......Page 939
Empirical Findings and Conclusions......Page 940
ch17.pdf......Page 944
17.1 Diversification through Acquisition......Page 945
Strategic Analysis for Value-Creating Acquisitions.........Page 946
Premium Recapture Analysis for Value-Creating Acqu.........Page 948
Competitors......Page 949
Time, Value, and the Premium......Page 950
The Contract: Typical Negotiated Terms......Page 951
Benefits to be Taken......Page 952
Coordination of Activities between Sponsor and Ven.........Page 953
Measures of Performance and Owner-Imposed Controls.........Page 954
Mutatis Mutandis......Page 955
17.3 Strategic Technology Transfer......Page 958
External Source to Internal User......Page 959
Internal Source to Internal User......Page 960
Organization Factors......Page 961
17.4 Corporate Performance......Page 962
Corporate Performance from the Perspective of Cust.........Page 963
Financial Value Measures......Page 964
A Profit Plan Prices Strategy......Page 966
Building Team Diversity......Page 968
Gathering Information......Page 969
Step Three: Making Good Decisions Fast, Again and .........Page 970
Developing Consensus with Qualification......Page 971
17.6 Insourcing/Outsourcing......Page 972
Core Competence......Page 973
Reliance on Suppliers......Page 974
Supplier Performance......Page 975
Advantages/Disadvantages of Insourcing......Page 976
Advantages/Disadvantages of Outsourcing......Page 977
Model One — The Rosebush Analogy......Page 979
Model Two — Diverting the Revenue Stream......Page 981
Model Three — The One-Stop Shop......Page 983
Model Four — Bundling of Non-Rival Goods......Page 984
Model Five — The Technology Club......Page 986
SVI.PDF......Page 989
Core Relationships for the Technology Manager......Page 990
ch18.pdf......Page 991
18.1 Recruitment of High-Technology Workers: Today.........Page 992
Cultural Diversity of High-Technology Workers......Page 993
Keys to Success......Page 994
Acknowledgment......Page 995
Selection Techniques......Page 996
Legal Issues......Page 997
Conclusions......Page 999
Continual Learning......Page 1001
Validating Skills......Page 1002
Conclusion......Page 1003
Types of Performance Measures......Page 1004
Approaches to Performance Appraisals......Page 1005
Improving Performance Appraisal......Page 1007
Performance Feedback......Page 1008
Participation and Problem Definition......Page 1010
Evaluating Potential Consultants......Page 1011
Structuring the Engagement......Page 1013
Conclusion......Page 1014
Virtual Networks for Technology Development......Page 1015
Design of Virtual Teams......Page 1017
Conclusion......Page 1018
Theories of Job Worth......Page 1019
Designing the Pay Structure......Page 1020
Pay for Performance......Page 1021
Benefits......Page 1022
Conclusion......Page 1023
ch19.pdf......Page 1025
19.1 Careers of Technical Professionals......Page 1026
Dalton and Thompson’s Four-Stage Model......Page 1027
Schein’s Career Anchor Model......Page 1028
Katz Job Longevity Model......Page 1030
Career Orientations and Dual-Ladder Reward Systems.........Page 1031
Values, Goals, and Priorities......Page 1034
Files......Page 1035
Personal Information Managers......Page 1036
Internet/Intranets......Page 1037
Historical Forces on Ethics......Page 1038
Managerial Ethics......Page 1039
Information and Computer Ethics......Page 1040
19.4 The Human Voice in the Age of Technology......Page 1042
Loyalty at Work......Page 1043
The Spirit of the Leader......Page 1044
Trusting One Another......Page 1045
19.5 Written Communication......Page 1046
Planning......Page 1047
Drafting......Page 1048
Revising......Page 1049
Set the Agenda......Page 1051
During the Meeting: What Gets Said......Page 1052
During the Meeting: What Gets Written......Page 1053
The Technical Side of Meeting Management......Page 1054
Option 3: Using Still Projectors......Page 1055
Groupware Option 1: Teleconferencing......Page 1056
Groupware Option 3: Electronic Meetings......Page 1057
Changing Workplace Demands......Page 1059
The Changing Organization......Page 1060
The Individual and Lifelong Learning......Page 1061
Conclusions......Page 1062
ch20.pdf......Page 1063
20.1 System Reliability......Page 1064
The Bathtub Curve......Page 1065
Units for Failure Rates......Page 1067
The Exponential Distribution......Page 1068
Combinatorial Aspects......Page 1069
Modeling Maintenance......Page 1071
Markov Models......Page 1072
Binary Model for a Reparable Component......Page 1073
Two Dissimilar Reparable Components......Page 1074
Two Identical Reparable Components......Page 1075
Some Useful Approximations......Page 1076
Factors for Considering Reliability in Product Des.........Page 1078
Definition, Design, and Release to Manufacturing P.........Page 1079
Design Reliability Analysis Methods......Page 1081
Reliability Data Sources......Page 1082
Maintainability, Reliability, and Availability......Page 1083
A Process Perspective of Maintainability......Page 1084
Conclusion......Page 1086
Maintainability Importance and Objectives, Expecta.........Page 1088
Maintainability and Availability Analyses Purpose .........Page 1089
General Maintainability Design Guidelines and Comm.........Page 1090
Median Preventive Maintenance Time......Page 1091
ch21.pdf......Page 1093
21.1 Managing Sources of Hazards in Engineered Sys.........Page 1094
Hazard (Risk) Control......Page 1095
Trip, Slip, and Fall......Page 1096
Chemical Hazards......Page 1097
Routes of Entry......Page 1098
Airborne Contaminants......Page 1099
Fire Hazards......Page 1100
Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis......Page 1101
Hazard and Operability Study......Page 1102
Event Tree Analysis......Page 1103
The Concept of Human-Machine Systems......Page 1105
Ergonomics in Industry......Page 1107
The Role of Ergonomics in Prevention of Occupation.........Page 1111
Fitting the Work Environment to the Workers......Page 1112
SVII.PDF......Page 1116
Global Business Management......Page 1117
ch22.pdf......Page 1119
22.1 Global Marketing......Page 1120
Product......Page 1121
Channel Organization......Page 1122
Price......Page 1123
The Evolution of Multinational Corporations......Page 1124
An Organizational Model for Multinational Corporat.........Page 1125
Technology Management in Multinational Corporation.........Page 1127
International Manufacturing Strategy......Page 1129
Business Climate and Risks......Page 1130
Site-Specific Issues......Page 1131
Management of Overseas Production Facility......Page 1132
Expatriate Policy......Page 1133
22.4 International Strategic Alliances......Page 1134
Types of Strategic Alliances for Technology Firms......Page 1135
Motivations for International Strategic Alliances......Page 1136
Guidelines for International Alliance Success......Page 1137
Conclusion......Page 1138
Japanese Concept of Innovation Cycle......Page 1139
Technology Strategies of Japanese Companies......Page 1141
National Science and Technology Policy......Page 1143
New Global Realities......Page 1146
Countries Get Smaller, Economic Groups Get Larger......Page 1147
Speed......Page 1148
Global Scope and World Scale......Page 1149
Elimination of Industry Boundaries......Page 1150
Challenges of the New World of Business......Page 1151
SAPP.PDF......Page 1153
Appendixes......Page 1154
Appa.pdf......Page 1155
Glossary of Business Terms......Page 1156
Appb.pdf......Page 1162
The Bookshelf of Great Books......Page 1163
Appc.pdf......Page 1165
Twelve Great Innovations......Page 1166
Appd.pdf......Page 1167
Associations and Government Organizations......Page 1168
Appe.pdf......Page 1169
Magazines and Journals......Page 1170
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