1. Definition.
3. Derived Units.
5. S.L Units (International System oj Units).
7. Kilogram.
9, Kelvin.
11. Rules for S.L Units.
13. Force.
15. Tkermodynamic Systems.
17. Stateof a System.
19- Absobite Temperature.
21. Equality of Temperature.
23. Gauge Pressure and Absobite Pressure.
25. Standard Temperature and Pressure.
27. 7ype of Stored Energy.
29. Sensible Heat
31. Specifie Heat
33. Hb/fc
35. ComparUon of Heat and Work.
37. Law o/ Thermodynamies.
39. laies o/ JVi/ecf Gas<r�.
41. JouU'sLaw.
43. Speifie Heats ofa Cas.
45. Ratio of Specifie Heats.
47. Tkermodynamic Processes.
49. Application of First Law of Tkermo~
dynamics to a Non-Jlow Process.
51. Termodynamic Cycle.
53. AtoM� Processes.
1.1 Definition
The term 'rvfr�xvratUm* may bc definceas the process of lemoving heat from a substance under controlled conditions. It also includes the process of reducing and maintaining the temperature of a body below the generai temperature of ils surroundings. In other words, the refrigeration cans a continued extraction of heat from a body whose temperature is already below the temperature of its surroundings.
For example. if some spacc (say in cold storage) is to be kept at - 2 C (273 K), we must continuously extract heat which flows into it duc to leakage through the walls and also there.
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